{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:59:06Z","timestamp":1785455946983,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023J011361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J011361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tic disorder (TD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Acute histamine deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of TDs. In this study, we demonstrate that histamine depletion exacerbates tic-like behaviors in a rat model of TD. Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into control, TD model, TD plus saline, and TD plus \u03b1-fluoromethylhistidine (\u03b1-FMH) groups. TD was induced by intraperitoneal iminodipropionitrile, and \u03b1-FMH was administered intracerebroventricularly. Behavioral assessments showed that \u03b1-FMH treatment significantly increased stereotyped and motor behavior scores compared with TD groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed marked microglial activation in the striatum of TD groups, which was exacerbated by histamine deficiency. Striatal IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 levels were elevated in all TD groups; IL-6 was significantly higher in the \u03b1-FMH group than in TD groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Striatal dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) expression was also upregulated in TD groups, with the highest levels observed after histamine depletion (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry result showed that glutamate levels were significantly reduced in the \u03b1-FMH group compared to the TD-NaCl group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the levels of dopamine, serotonin, or acetylcholine between the TD-NaCl and TD-\u03b1-FMH groups. Overall, our findings suggest that acute histamine deficiency aggravates TD-related behaviors by promoting neuroinflammation and upregulating DRD2 expression, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting histamine signaling in TD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15578100261468080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:49:34Z","timestamp":1783766974000},"page":"551-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrative Biological Analysis of Histamine Depletion on Neuroinflammation, Dopamine D2 Receptor, and Glutamate in Experimental Tic Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7494-6048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China."},{"name":"Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China."},{"name":"Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Quanzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Quanzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China."},{"name":"Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guizhi","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China."},{"name":"Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.107133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32832ec5ea"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1506109112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"A new animal model for Tourette syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Diamond BI","year":"1982","unstructured":"Diamond BI, , Reyes MG, , Borison R. 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