{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:49:56Z","timestamp":1791568196594,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Whole-testis transcriptomes can conflate loss of germ cells with transcriptional changes in retained somatic compartments. We used public human testis datasets to determine whether a composition-aware transcriptional pattern is reproducible in nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Donor-level single-cell analysis showed marked depletion of recovered spermatocyte and spermatid states in NOA. We held a germline signature and a GSE149512-derived stromal\/macrophage-associated signature fixed during evaluation in two independent obstructive azoospermia (OA) comparator cohorts. In GSE145467 (10 OA and 10 NOA), NOA showed lower germline scores and higher tissue-state scores (Hedges\u2019\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">g<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1.70 for the tissue-state score, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92\u20133.77; exact permutation\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.00108). The same direction was observed in GSE9210 (11 OA and 47 NOA;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">g<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3.69, 95% CI: 2.28\u20137.26; 100,000-draw permutation\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.000010). The original mixed-control bulk cohort was retained only as a within-cohort sensitivity analysis because its within-cohort remodeling axis was strongly correlated with the NOA label (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.899; variance inflation factor = 5.19). Small spermatocyte-focused data provided exploratory, rather than confirmatory, cell-state observations. These results support a reproducible bulk tissue-state pattern in NOA, but do not establish absolute cell-number changes, cell-intrinsic mechanisms, microdissection testicular sperm extraction prediction, or clinical utility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15578100261495843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:34:01Z","timestamp":1791437641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Composition-Aware Analysis of Public Testis Transcriptomes Identifies Reproducible Tissue-State Signatures in Nonobstructive Azoospermia"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6011-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhibang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Liuyang, Changsha, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4109-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25544-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19015-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2023.2176268"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19894-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00148.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-018-0099-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1226829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-2-r29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0040026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giz107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25960-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2024.101205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19414-4"}],"container-title":["OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15578100261495843","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15578100261495843","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15578100261495843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:51:15Z","timestamp":1791564675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15578100261495843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15578100261495843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15578100261495843","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-2310","1557-8100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-2310","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"article-number":"15578100261495843"}}