{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:16:20Z","timestamp":1783602980721,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First responders are often exposed to many physically and mentally stressful events throughout their careers, and common complaints include poor sleep quality, chronic pain, post-traumatic stress symptoms, mood dysregulation, and cognitive impairments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed an open protocol, active treatment-only study with a small sample of male firefighters (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16) to examine the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) on self-reported symptom measures and objective measures of cognitive function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\/Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment consisted of 810 nm near-infrared light to the head using four transcranial LEDs and one intranasal LED. Treatment duration was 20 min per session, 3\u20134 sessions per week for 8 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found significant pre-\/post-treatment improvements with moderate-to-large effect sizes in mood and post-traumatic stress symptoms, pain interference, and readiness for social reintegration, and across all measures of fluid cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This proof-of-concept study also demonstrated no significant side effects, good compliance, and feasibility of use in a first responder population. Though additional research is required, PBM may present a relatively cost-effective, well-tolerated, low-risk, and easy-to-use treatment to enhance both specific symptoms and general wellness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15578550251362096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:10:58Z","timestamp":1773234658000},"page":"337-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transcranial Photobiomodulation and Firefighter Health and Wellness: A Single-Arm, Open-Label Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"David F.","family":"Tate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, TBI and Concussion Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"George Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Lindsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, TBI and Concussion Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"George Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A.","family":"Wilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, TBI and Concussion Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"George Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","article-title":"Firefighter overexertion: A continuing problem found in an analysis of non-fatal injury among career firefighters","volume":"17","author":"Le AB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le AB, , McNulty LA, , Dyal MA, , DeJoy DM, , Smith TD. 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