{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T07:01:51Z","timestamp":1784962911440,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01HL155523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL155523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01HL157378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL157378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013317","name":"Lipedema Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lower extremity lymphedema affects a growing number of cancer survivors. Standard-of-care therapy for lymphedema is complete decongestive therapy (CDT), yet the primary outcome measurement of therapeutic efficacy is limb volume, which is relatively insensitive to both well-managed and severe disease. The primary goal of this study was to examine whether physiological sodium magnetic resonance imaging (\n                      <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>\n                      Na-MRI) is sensitive to the effect of CDT on leg lymphedema, and how this effect compares with the measurement reproducibility limits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with lymphedema (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11) underwent \u22655 sessions of CDT per participant in their affected leg(s) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12) over 9.2 \u00b1 5.6 weeks, following individual treatment plans with a licensed therapist. At the baseline visit and intervention visit, at least one leg was scanned with\n                      <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>\n                      Na-MRI to measure tissue sodium content (TSC) in the skin, muscle, and adipose tissue. Control subjects (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16) were scanned at two visits separated by a similar timeframe with no treatment to establish measurement reproducibility. Skin TSC significantly reduced by 4.32 mmol\/L (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.027) in affected legs treated by CDT, a change greater than the reproducibility coefficient (RPC) (3.82 mmol\/L) in controls. Adipose TSC decreased in treated legs (2.27 mmol\/L;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.046), a change less than the RPC (5.83 mmol\/L). Muscle TSC (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.171) and leg circumference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.764) did not decrease in treated legs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TSC is reduced in the skin of affected legs with lymphedema treated by CDT, which is observable within the reproducibility limits of\n                      <jats:sup>23<\/jats:sup>\n                      Na-MRI. Results provide a basis for applying sodium MRI to observe the physiological effects of emerging lymphedema therapies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15578585261419376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:49:48Z","timestamp":1774507788000},"page":"129-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue Sodium Response to Complete Decongestive Therapy in Lower Extremity Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shannon L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa N.","family":"Crain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula M.C.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Dayani Center for Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheau-Chiann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Pridmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miracle P.","family":"Darrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison O.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheyenne N.","family":"Whaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaina J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachelle L.","family":"Crescenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0072-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14493-1_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 consensus document of the international society of lymphology","volume":"53","author":"Executive Committee of the International Society of L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Executive Committee of the International Society of L. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 consensus document of the international society of lymphology. Lymphology, 2020; 53(1):3\u201319.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-024-02407-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2022.0003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.183517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Taylor SL Pridmore MD Garza ME et al. Multi-nuclear 1H and 23Na MRI investigation of fibroadipose tissue sodium in patients with secondary lymphedema. In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM). London UK; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00727-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4279"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0036850421998485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-023-00754-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0113-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-060116-022900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10090934"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aal3920"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147614"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/prs.0000000000007783"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123775"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2021.0039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2021.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI171582"}],"container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15578585261419376","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15578585261419376","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15578585261419376","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T06:37:30Z","timestamp":1784961450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15578585261419376"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15578585261419376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15578585261419376","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-6851","1557-8585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1539-6851","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]}}}