{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:52:21Z","timestamp":1777661541675,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["High Altitude Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Manferdelli, Giorgio, Marc M. Berger, and Andrew M. Luks. Ignoble gas: The questionable role of xenon in rapid ascents of Mount Everest.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">High Alt Med Biol.<\/jats:italic>\n                    26:339\u2013346, 2025.\u2014Beyond the logistical, technical, and physiological challenges associated with climbing extremely high mountains such as Mount Everest, an important feature of such expeditions is their long duration. Among the strategies used in recent years to reduce expedition duration, one particularly novel approach was implemented during Everest expeditions in 2024 and 2025\u2014inhalation of the noble gas xenon prior to the expeditions. Despite the tremendous attention this approach received in the media, significant questions remain as to whether it is truly effective at improving acclimatization and shortening the duration of expeditions. This review examines this issue in greater detail. After providing background information on xenon, the review examines potential rationales for xenon\u2019s use in the mountains, assesses the risks of xenon administration, and considers other aspects of the expedition protocol that likely affected the odds of summit success. Based on this analysis, there is no basis for widespread implementation of xenon inhalation at this time. Evidence of benefit is lacking, and there are strong reasons to believe other aspects of the expedition protocol contributed significantly to the expeditions\u2019 outcomes. Much further research on these questions is warranted before any more climbers should engage in this potentially risky practice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15578682251377419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T16:54:01Z","timestamp":1757523241000},"page":"339-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ignoble Gas: The Questionable Role of Xenon in Rapid Ascents of Mount Everest"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Manferdelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-3193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc M.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine, and Pain Therapy, RKH Hospital Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Luks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2013.1138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Everest by the Numbers: 2025 Edition","author":"Arnette A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arnette A. 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