{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:47:47Z","timestamp":1793126867366,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chris and Elizabeth Wright","award":["Donation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Donation"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["High Altitude Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Wakeham, Denis J., Andrew R. Tomlinson, Giorgio Manferdelli, Matthew M. Howrey, Anna K. Geib, Murugappan Ramanathan, Marcus Payne, Renie Guilliod, James Berry, Tony G. Babb, Peter Hackett, Benjamin D. Levine, and Christopher M. Hearon, Jr. The physiological and altitude lowering effects of different supplemental oxygen flow rates at extreme simulated altitude: a pilot study.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">High Alt Med Biol.<\/jats:italic>\n                    27:143\u2013151, 2026.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 80% of high-altitude climbers use supplemental oxygen &gt;8,000 meters, yet optimal dosing strategies have not been established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therefore, in six unacclimatized individuals (34 \u00b1 8 years; 2 F\/4 M), we quantified the effects of supplemental oxygen flow rates (6, 4, 2, 1 and 0 L\/min) using the SUMMIT Oxygen mask at 282 mmHg (rest and cycle ergometry: 60 and 120 Watts) and 253 mmHg (rest only) barometric pressure in a hypobaric chamber. We measured oxygen saturation (SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and gas fractions in the mask during 4-minute exposures to each flow rate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Resting at 282 mmHg, SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (6 L\/min: 99% \u00b1 0%; 0 L\/min: 70% \u00b1 8%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and mean inspired oxygen fraction decreased (6 L\/min: 65.87%\u2009\u00b1\u200914.11%; 0 L\/min: 21.50%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.44%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) with lowering of supplemental oxygen. Exercise further decreased SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and oxygen fractions across all flow rates at 282 mmHg. At 253 mmHg, SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      followed a similar trend to data collected at 282 mmHg (6 L\/min: 96% \u00b1 2%; 4 L\/min: 93% \u00b1 3%; 2 L\/min: 87% \u00b1 3%; 1 L\/min: 71% \u00b1 0%; 0 L\/min: 66% \u00b1 9%). Furthermore, at rest at 253 mmHg, 2 L\/min of supplemental oxygen lowered the equivalent altitude to 4,489 meters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All unacclimatized participants were able to tolerate 253 mmHg at rest on as little as 2 L\/min of supplemental oxygen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15578682251396453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T17:06:25Z","timestamp":1767114385000},"page":"143-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Physiological and Altitude Lowering Effects of Different Supplemental Oxygen Flow Rates at Extreme Simulated Altitude: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Denis J.","family":"Wakeham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Manferdelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Howrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Geib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murugappan","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renie","family":"Guilliod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony G.","family":"Babb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Christopher M.","family":"Hearon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA."},{"name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Thomas Hornbein Papers, MSS 669, Box 34, Folder 4","author":"Hornbein TF","year":"1962","unstructured":"Hornbein TF. Evaluation of a new open circuit mask for high altitude mountaineering. In: Thomas Hornbein Papers, MSS 669, Box 34, Folder 4: University of California, San Diego, Mandeville Special Collections Library, 1962."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.2.877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236919"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.2.181-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2012.07152.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10806032251351587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.4.1309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2009.1084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.6.2348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2009.1089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(83)90085-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.4.1850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.54.5.1188"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"426","article-title":"Supplemental oxygen effects on ventilation in acclimatized subjects exercising at 5700 m altitude","volume":"78","author":"Windsor JS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Windsor JS, , Rodway GW, , Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research G. Supplemental oxygen effects on ventilation in acclimatized subjects exercising at 5700 m altitude. 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