{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:40:51Z","timestamp":1792705251453,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["High Altitude Medicine &amp; Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mar\u00edn, Alejandro Ferreiro, Mar\u00eda Paula Ferreiro Soria, Karla S\u00e1nchez Olivera, Aranza Su\u00e1rez Ortega, and Luis Mart\u00edn Garrido Garc\u00eda. High-altitude pulmonary edema in children in Mexico City: A case series.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">High Alt Med Biol.<\/jats:italic>\n                    00:00\u201300, 2026.\u2014High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially life-threatening form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema caused by hypobaric hypoxia. Although well characterized in adults, pediatric cases remain underrecognized and are frequently mistaken for pneumonia.\n                    <jats:bold\/>\n                    We describe four pediatric patients aged 7\u201312 years diagnosed with HAPE at a Private Tertiary Referral Medical Center in Mexico City. One patient developed classic HAPE after ascent from low altitude, and three patients developed reentry HAPE after returning to high altitude following temporary stays near sea level.\n                    <jats:bold\/>\n                    All patients presented with hypoxemia (SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    77%\u201393%), respiratory symptoms, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, absence of fever, and low inflammatory markers. Echocardiography demonstrated elevated or borderline elevated pulmonary artery pressures without structural heart disease. Supplemental oxygen resulted in rapid clinical improvement in all cases. Hospital stay ranged from 2 to 4 days, and none required mechanical ventilation. One patient experienced recurrence shortly after discharge.\n                    <jats:bold\/>\n                    HAPE should be considered in children presenting with acute hypoxemic respiratory illness after recent ascent to high altitude. The combination of hypoxemia, bilateral infiltrates, low inflammatory markers, and rapid response to oxygen therapy may help distinguish HAPE from infectious pneumonia and facilitate timely treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15578682261500306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:09:36Z","timestamp":1792480176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema in Children in Mexico City: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8263-1150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Ferreiro Mar\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico ABC, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Paula","family":"Ferreiro Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad An\u00e1huac M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"S\u00e1nchez Olivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico ABC, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aranza","family":"Su\u00e1rez Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico ABC, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Mart\u00edn","family":"Garrido Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro M\u00e9dico ABC, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pediatric16020023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1214870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.02.028"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"366","article-title":"Altitude above sea level and body mass index as determinants of oxigen saturation in children. The SON@ Study","volume":"67","author":"Gochicoa-Rangel L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gochicoa-Rangel L, , P\u00e9rez-Padilla JR, , Rodr\u00edguez-Moreno L, et al. and the SON@ Group. Altitude above sea level and body mass index as determinants of oxigen saturation in children. The SON@ Study. Rev Invest Clin 2015;67(6):366\u2013371.","journal-title":"Rev Invest Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-3692(15)37380-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2021.0121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2017.0096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0096-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"[Edema Pulmonar de las alturas: Una Urgencia en Pediatria]","volume":"61","author":"Pineda-Bahena LG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pineda-Bahena LG, , Sandoval-Garc\u00eda MA, , Rocha-Mill\u00e1n J, et al. [Edema Pulmonar de las alturas: Una Urgencia en Pediatria]. An Med (Mex) 2016;61:58\u201362.","journal-title":"An Med (Mex)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32641\/andespediatr.v92i2.2977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26294"}],"container-title":["High Altitude Medicine &amp; Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15578682261500306","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15578682261500306","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15578682261500306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:16:32Z","timestamp":1792703792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15578682261500306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15578682261500306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15578682261500306","relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-0297","1557-8682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-0297","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"article-number":"15578682261500306"}}