{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:48:04Z","timestamp":1777855684120,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]],"date-time":"2008-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study was set up to test the perceived distribution of verbal and physical violent behaviors among same- and opposite-genders. More specifically, those perceived violent behaviors are examined as the outcome of adolescents' cost-risk goals. The study assumes two conflicting social goals: Whereas the goal of risk reduction may motivate withdrawal from conflict, and decrease the prevalence of violent events, the goal of pursuing social status may motivate initiation and\/or retaliation, thus increasing the prevalence of violence. The study is based on a sample of 155 high-school students that recorded the frequency of observing violent events in their peer group over a one-week period. Findings demonstrate that for males, opponent gender had a primary effect on violence distribution. Males exhibited violence against males more frequently than against females. This result is consistent with the assumption that males set a higher priority to pursuing social status. For females, verbal violence was more frequent than physical forms of aggression. This is consistent with the assumption that females set a higher priority on avoiding risk. These results are discussed from an evolutionary cost-risk perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988308319035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]],"date-time":"2008-08-29T19:22:36Z","timestamp":1220037756000},"page":"272-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Distribution of Verbal and Physical Violence for Same and Opposite Genders Among Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Zeev","family":"Winstok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Science, University of Haifa, , The Center for the Study of Society, University of Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Enosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Studies, University of Haifa, , Center for the Study of Society, University of Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.51.9.909"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.8.4.291"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Aggression: A social learning analysis","author":"Bandura, A.","year":"1973"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(71)90033-3"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(73)90044-5"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025879411971"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(1997)23:6<447::AID-AB4>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.119.3.422"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2005.09.002"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"125","volume":"42","author":"Chung, T.Y.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Delinquent Boys","author":"Cohen, A.K.","year":"1955"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.115.1.74"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Homicide","author":"Daly, M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0032597"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.100.3.309"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10470-000"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Felson, R.B. (1993). Predatory and dispute-related violence: A social interactionist approach. In R. V. Clarke & M. Felson (Eds.), Routine activity and rational choice, advances in criminological theory (Vol. 5, pp. 103-26). 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