{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:48:58Z","timestamp":1777855738935,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]],"date-time":"2012-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the process of HIV disclosure for rural African American men\u2014a population disproportionately affected by HIV\/AIDS. Forty men were interviewed about their experience of making an HIV disclosure. Grounded theory methodology guided data collection and analysis. The core category or variable that emerged from the data was a process\u2014Making Decisions: The Process of HIV Disclosure. Five categories accounted for variations in disclosures: (a) beliefs and knowledge about HIV\/AIDS, (b) influencing factors, (c) disclosure decisions, (d) disclosure efficacy, and (e) outcomes of disclosure. Most of the men had disclosed to others; however, the disclosures were selective, and the decisions were iterative. The majority of the men did not disclose their diagnosis for several months to several years. The findings provide a framework of the many factors related to HIV disclosure that can guide health care providers in counseling persons living with HIV\/AIDS in making disclosure decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988312439405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,9]],"date-time":"2012-03-09T20:49:47Z","timestamp":1331326187000},"page":"442-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Making Decisions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Susan W.","family":"Gaskins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Payne Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Sowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Parton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701449138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"HIV and social work","author":"Babcock J. H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Babcock J. H. (1998). Involving family and others in acute care. In Aronstein D. D., Thompson B. J. (Eds.), HIV and social work (pp. 101-108). New York, NY: Harrington."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2007.00221.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: The exercise of control","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bandura A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","volume-title":"2009-2010 medical management of HIV infection","author":"Bartlett J. B.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bartlett J. B., Gallant J. E., Pham P. A. (2009). 2009-2010 medical management of HIV infection. Durham, NC: Knowledge Source Solutions."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217502239211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6427.2004.00277.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). HIV Surveillance Report 2009 Vol. 21. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/topics\/surveillance\/resources\/reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis","author":"Charmaz K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Charmaz K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","first-page":"147","volume-title":"HIV Infection and social interaction","author":"Derlega V. J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Derlega V. J., Lovejoy D., Winstead B. A. (1998). Personal accounts of disclosing and concealing HIV-positive test results: Weighing the benefits and risks. In Derlega V., Barbee A. (Eds.), HIV Infection and social interaction (pp. 147-164). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.23.6.747.54804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120902803141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2011.571807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Uncertainty, information management and disclosure decisions: Theories and applications","author":"Greene K.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greene K. (2009). An integrated model of health disclosure decision-making. In Afifi T. D., Afifi W. A. (Eds.), Uncertainty, information management and disclosure decisions: Theories and applications (pp. 226-253). New York, NY: Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10510970209388595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764299042007004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS stigma: Theory, reality and response","author":"Holloway J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holloway J., Seaton R., Crowley C. (2004). HIV\/AIDS stigma: Theory, reality and response. Rockville, MD: Health Resources and Services Administration."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848607941.n13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10497-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024252926930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.18.3.281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2010.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199909)55:9<1041::AID-JCLP2>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.20.418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","volume-title":"Nursing research: A qualitative perspective","author":"Munhall P. L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Munhall P. L. (2001). Nursing research: A qualitative perspective. Boston, MA: Jones & Bartlett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000167355.87041.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.smj.0000286756.54607.9f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book4588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","volume-title":"Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice","author":"Polit D. F.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polit D. F., Beck T. B. (2012). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9847-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.13.4.355.21424"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.15.1.70.23846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/18.1.32"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.1995.7.2.116","article-title":"Self-disclosure of HIV-1 antibody test results: The San Francisco General Hospital cohort","volume":"7","author":"Stemple R. R.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stemple R. R., Mouton J., Bachetti P., Moss A. R. (1995). Self-disclosure of HIV-1 antibody test results: The San Francisco General Hospital cohort. AIDS Education and Prevention, 7, 116-123.","journal-title":"AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511557842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-2006-00570"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Men's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1557988312439405","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1557988312439405","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1557988312439405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:29:25Z","timestamp":1777505365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1557988312439405"}},"subtitle":["The Process of HIV Disclosure for Rural African American Men"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1557988312439405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557988312439405","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-9883","1557-9891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-9883","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]]}}}