{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:07:32Z","timestamp":1788469652836,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]],"date-time":"2014-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the understudy of health conditions and infectious diseases that are not strictly related to sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM), this study examined the relative odds of 10 health conditions and two infectious diseases in a sample of MSM compared with a matched general population sample. MSM ( N = 653) living mainly in Chicago were sampled through successive administrations of an Internet-based survey (2008-2010) that assessed physical and mental health, substance use, and HIV status. Propensity score matching was used to obtain a demographically comparable sample of men ( N = 653) from aggregated administrations (2008-2012) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Multivariate Firth logistic regressions compared the odds of ever having been diagnosed with each condition or disease, controlling for demographics, substance use, psychological distress, and HIV\/AIDS status. MSM were more likely ( p &lt; .01) to have experienced: ulcers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3), hypertension (OR = 2.1), liver disease (OR = 5.7), and sexually transmitted infections other than HIV\/AIDS (OR = 8.9). Two other conditions, pneumonia and pancreatitis, as well as tuberculosis, were significant at p &lt; .05 but below the statistical threshold used to reduce alpha error. The findings suggest that relative to non-sexual-minority men, MSM are more likely to experience a range of health conditions not specifically attributable to HIV\/AIDS, sexual behavior, psychological distress, or substance use. The implications for research on the health status and provision of health care to MSM in light of the study findings are considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988314533379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T22:53:52Z","timestamp":1399416832000},"page":"150-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Relative Odds of Lifetime Health Conditions and Infectious Diseases Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Compared With a Matched General Population Sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"James A.","family":"Swartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-201"},{"key":"bibr2-1557988314533379","unstructured":"Allison P. (2012). Logistic regression for rare events. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.statisticalhorizons.com\/logistic-regression-for-rare-events"},{"key":"bibr3-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00310.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007273430407"},{"key":"bibr5-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2"},{"key":"bibr6-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.7.1125"},{"key":"bibr7-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105600107"},{"key":"bibr8-1557988314533379","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2012. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats12"},{"key":"bibr9-1557988314533379","unstructured":"Chicago Department of Public Health. (2013, December). HIV\/STI surveillance report, 2013. Chicago, IL: City of Chicago. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cityofchicago.org\/content\/dam\/city\/depts\/cdph\/infectious_disease\/STI_HIV_AIDS\/HIV_STISurveillanceReport2013.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00759.x"},{"key":"bibr11-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.087254"},{"key":"bibr12-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103636"},{"key":"bibr13-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.174169"},{"key":"bibr14-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.7.861"},{"key":"bibr15-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2005.04.004"},{"key":"bibr16-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/80.1.27"},{"key":"bibr17-1557988314533379","unstructured":"Gates G. J., Newport F. (2012, October 18). Special report: 3.4% of U.S. adults identify as LGBT. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/158066\/special-report-adults-identify-lgbt.aspx"},{"key":"bibr18-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2006.00117.x"},{"key":"bibr19-1557988314533379","volume-title":"The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr20-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006074"},{"key":"bibr21-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184"},{"key":"bibr22-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.168"},{"key":"bibr23-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pan.a004868"},{"key":"bibr24-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120903012544"},{"key":"bibr25-1557988314533379","volume-title":"PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing","author":"Leuven E.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr26-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.19.2362"},{"key":"bibr27-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir696"},{"key":"bibr28-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.127811"},{"key":"bibr29-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1985.10479383"},{"key":"bibr30-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9898-x"},{"key":"bibr31-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181fbc939"},{"key":"bibr32-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.277609"},{"key":"bibr33-1557988314533379","volume-title":"Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings","author":"SAMHSA","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr34-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.058891"},{"key":"bibr35-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051318"},{"key":"bibr36-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2011.540171"},{"key":"bibr37-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.6.939"},{"key":"bibr38-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.961115896.x"},{"key":"bibr39-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009516608672"},{"key":"bibr40-1557988314533379","unstructured":"StataCorp. (2012). STATA SE Statistical Software: Release 12.0 [Computer software]. College Station, TX: Author."},{"key":"bibr41-1557988314533379","volume-title":"Chicago crystal prevention needs assessment report","author":"Swartz J. A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr42-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/tast.2009.08210"},{"key":"bibr43-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR26701.v4"},{"key":"bibr44-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR29621.v4"},{"key":"bibr45-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR32722.v4"},{"key":"bibr46-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR34481.v2"},{"key":"bibr47-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3886\/ICPSR34933.v1"},{"key":"bibr48-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.51.6.458"},{"key":"bibr49-1557988314533379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0516-y"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Men's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1557988314533379","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1557988314533379","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1557988314533379","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:29:57Z","timestamp":1777505397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1557988314533379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1557988314533379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557988314533379","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-9883","1557-9891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-9883","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]}}}