{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:58:03Z","timestamp":1790632683204,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary aim of this study was to determine whether psychosocial factors, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety, are independently associated with the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), a predominantly male eye disorder. A secondary aim was to verify previously determined risk factors in a veteran population. All CSCR subjects seen in one year at a veteran eye clinic were included. Chart review was performed to identify general health information as well as eye history. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors that were independently associated with the development of CSCR. Fifty-one cases of CSCR were identified and an additional 51 age-matched controls with healthy eyes were used for analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that history of PTSD was strongly associated with the development of CSCR (OR = 9.43, p = .002), even more so than previously reported risk factors. Anxiety was significant at the univariate level (OR = 6.48, p = .001) but lost significance at the multivariate level. At the multivariate level, several existing risk factors were confirmed including sleep apnea (OR = 5.76, p = .004), heart disease (OR = 7.06, p = .004), smoking (OR = 5.52, p = .003) and steroid use (OR = 4.55, p = .005). PTSD was strongly associated with the development of CSCR in the veteran population studied and may represent an important modifiable risk factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883211034990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T10:19:43Z","timestamp":1632219583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Is a Significant Risk Factor for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Male Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bradley S.","family":"Gundlach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7989-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stein Eye Institute, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bibr1-15579883211034990","first-page":"472","volume":"42","author":"Arndt C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"bibr2-15579883211034990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bousquet E., Dhundass M., Lehmann M., Rothschild P.R., Bayon V., Leger D., Bergin C., Dirani A., Beydoun T., Behar-Cohen F. 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