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We investigated attitudes toward GBV among men living in Rustenburg, South Africa, who were enrolled in a longitudinal HIV incidence study. Participants were 18 to 49 years old, reported high risk sexual activity in the last 3 months, and were HIV-uninfected. Attitudes toward GBV were evaluated using responses to a five-item standardized questionnaire about men perpetrating physical violence on a female spouse; responses to each item were scaled from 1 ( no agreement) to 4 ( strong agreement) and summed. Total scores &gt;10 were considered permissive toward GBV. Among the 535 men analyzed, nearly half ( N = 229, 42.8%) had a GBV score &gt;10. Being young (18\u201324 years) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.06, 2.22]), having less years of education (aOR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.11, 2.32]), and reporting no current sexual partner at baseline (aOR = 2.10, 95% CI [1.06, 4.14]) were independently associated with permissive attitudes toward GBV. The following behaviors reported in the last 3 months were also associated with high GBV scores: having a new female partner (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI [1.02, 3.10]), and having had an STI (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI [1.15, 2.99]). Consuming alcohol prior to sex in the last month (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.09, 2.31]) was also associated with high GBV scores. A large proportion of South African HIV-uninfected men in this analysis reported permissive attitudes toward GBV. These attitudes were associated with HIV risk behavior. Integrating GBV and HIV prevention programs is essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883221106331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T06:05:19Z","timestamp":1656050719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Attitudes Toward Gender-Based Violence Among Sexually Active Adult Men at High Risk for HIV in Rustenburg, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4737-7804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heeran","family":"Makkan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustenburg Research Centre, The Aurum Institute, Rustenburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Public Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pholo","family":"Maenetje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustenburg Research Centre, The Aurum Institute, Rustenburg, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candice M.","family":"Chetty-Makkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustenburg Research Centre, The Aurum Institute, Rustenburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evans","family":"Muchiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustenburg Research Centre, The Aurum Institute, Rustenburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary H.","family":"Latka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustenburg Research Centre, The Aurum Institute, Rustenburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinodh A.","family":"Edward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rustenburg Research Centre, The Aurum Institute, Rustenburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Public Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt A.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"IAVI, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Omosa-Manyonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Lindan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15579883221106331","unstructured":"ANA Reporter. (2020). Rise in gender-based violence during Covid-19 lockdown \u201cabhorrent\u201d: Union. IOL News. https:\/\/www.iol.co.za\/news\/politics\/rise-in-gender-based-violence-during-covid-19-lockdown-abhorrent-union-49346110"},{"key":"bibr2-15579883221106331","unstructured":"Cappa C. (2014). Global statistics on children\u2019s protection from violence, exploitation and abuse. UNICEF Data. https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/resources\/global-statistics-childrens-protection-violence-exploitation-abuse\/"},{"key":"bibr3-15579883221106331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12039"},{"key":"bibr4-15579883221106331","unstructured":"DWYPD. (2020). 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