{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:11:08Z","timestamp":1793725868209,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["C12021A02208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C12021A02208"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Specialty Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2019-2023(14)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-2023(14)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronic prostatitis (CNP) is a prevalent inflammatory disorder among men. The Xialiqi capsule has been reported to alleviate the clinical symptoms of CNP patients, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect; yet, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, human normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-2 cells) were categorized into a control group, a model group, an inhibitor group, along with high, medium, and low drug-containing serum groups (5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively). With the exception of the control group, cell pyroptosis models were created by stimulating with lipopolysaccharide (100\u2009ng\/mL) and adenosine triphosphate (5\u2009mM). Subsequently, drug-containing serum and the NOD-like receptor 3 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NLRP3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) inhibitor (MCC950) were utilized to intervene with the model cells according to their respective groups. Post-administration of MCC950 and drug-containing serum, an improvement in cell viability was noted in the inhibitor group and medium-high dosage groups (by 20.5%, 38.2%, and 73.2%). Transmission electron microscopy indicated a reduction in the features characteristic of cell pyroptosis. Levels of nitric oxide, interleukin-18 (IL-18), and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in the cellular supernatant decreased significantly (60.7%, 21.6%, 33.7%, 41.8%; 49.2%, 54.8%, 53.5%, 69.3%; 31.3%, 44.4%, 38.1%, 51.2%). Immunofluorescence showed reduced fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 and Cysteine aspartate protease-1 (Caspase-1) proteins, and Western Blot analysis revealed a significant decline in the expression of NLRP3, pro-Caspase-1, and gasdermin D (20.5%, 45.9%, 58.1%, 74.8%; 23.2%, 36.7%, 51.6%, 51.9%; 15.4%, 28.6%, 33.1%, 39.2%). In vitro experiments suggest that the Xialiqi capsule may treat CNP by regulating prostate epithelial cell pyroptosis and reducing inflammatory factor release via inhibiting the NLRP3\/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. This study offers a novel approach for future CNP treatment with traditional Chinese medicine preparations, deserving further promotion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883251322958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T05:37:27Z","timestamp":1742794647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effects of Xialiqi Capsules in Regulating the Pyroptosis of Prostate Epithelial Cells Via NLRP3\/Caspase-1 Pathway for the Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1453-3839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zilong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galluzzi L. Vitale I. Aaronson S. A. Abrams J. M. Adam D. Agostinis P. Alnemri E. S. Altucci L. Amelio I. Andrews D. W. Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M. Antonov A. V. Arama E. Baehrecke E. H. Barlev N. A. Bazan N. G. Bernassola F. Bertrand M. J. M. Bianchi K. Blagosklonny M. V. Kroemer G. (2018). Molecular mechanisms of cell death: Recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. Cell Death and Differentiation 25(3) 486\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Gao Q. (2022). Clinical observation of Gui-Huang Prescription in treatment of type III prostatitis and experimental study on regulation of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.27658\/d.cnki.gzzyy.2022.000068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo J. Luo Y. Zuo J. Teng J. Shen B. Liu X. (2023). Echinacea polyphenols inhibit NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis apoptosis and necroptosis via suppressing NO production during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 71(19) 7289\u20137298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c08382","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c08382"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"He T. Huang H. Zeng Y. Guo Z. Xie Q. (2021). Association of NLRP3 inflammasome levels with chronic bacterial prostatitis in elderly patients. Chinese Journal of Gerontology 41(9) 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1005-9202.2021.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"Hong X. Liu J. Yu W. Li H. Dong X. (2010a). Pharmacological study on the treatment of prostatitis II\u2014Effect on experimental non-bacterial prostatitis inflammation pain and diuretic animal models. Journal of Chinese Experimental Formulae 16(12) 105\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1005-9903.2010.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","unstructured":"Hong X. Liu J. Yu W. Li H. Dong X. (2010b). Pharmacological study on treatment of prostatitis by Lianxu Capsule I\u2014Effect on experimental bacterial prostatitis rat model. Journal of Chinese Experimental Formulae 16(10) 122\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1005-9903.2010.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ketelut-Carneiro N. Fitzgerald K. A. (2022). Apoptosis pyroptosis and necroptosis\u2014oh my! The many ways a cell can die. Journal of Molecular Biology 434(4) 167378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.167378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.167378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Liang C. Hao Z. (2019). Reunderstanding of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Modern Journal of Urology 24(6) 425\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1009-8291.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu J. Su Y. Chen X. Chen Y. Luo P. Lin F. Zhang J. (2019). Rapamycin-induced autophagy attenuates hormone-imbalance-induced chronic non-bacterial prostatitis in rats via the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation. Molecular Medicine Reports 19(1) 221\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/mmr.2018.9683","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.9683"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv X. Fan C. Jiang Z. Wang W. Qiu X. Ji Q. (2021). Isoliquiritigenin alleviates P. gingivalis-LPS\/ATP-induced pyroptosis by inhibiting NF-\u03baB\/ NLRP3\/GSDMD signals in human gingival fibroblasts. International Immunopharmacology 101(Pt B) 108338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","volume-title":"Application of quercetin and Xialiqi capsules in chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome","author":"Meng L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meng L. (2018). 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