{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:48:11Z","timestamp":1777855691901,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by irreversible airflow limitation and respiratory muscle dysfunction. Bioactive lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) play critical roles in regulating inflammation, yet their relationship with diaphragmatic performance in COPD remains poorly understood. This case-control study investigated the association between circulating lipid mediators and diaphragmatic function in 40 male COPD patients and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent clinical assessment, spirometry, C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement, blood sampling for lipid mediator profiling\u2014including polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived metabolites\u2014and diaphragmatic ultrasound evaluation of excursion and thickening fraction (TF). COPD patients exhibited significantly impaired diaphragmatic function and elevated pro-inflammatory lipid mediators compared with controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified Prostaglandin E2 (PGE\u2082) (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.826), Thromboxane B2 (TXB\u2082) (AUC = 0.832), and Leukotriene B4 (LTB\u2084) (AUC = 0.737) as strong diagnostic biomarkers for COPD. Among SPMs, RvD1 correlated positively with diaphragmatic excursion (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .62) and TF (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .58), Lipoxin A4 (LXA\u2084) correlated with Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV\u2081) (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .66), and Protectin DX (PDX) showed an inverse association with the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u2212.54). Leukotriene E4 (LTE\u2084) and Leukotriene D4 (LTD\u2084) were negatively associated with diaphragmatic performance, while CRP levels inversely correlated with ultrasound parameters. Diaphragmatic TF demonstrated high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (92%) in predicting severe exacerbations. These findings suggest that lipid mediator imbalance contributes to diaphragmatic dysfunction in COPD and that combining lipidomic profiling with diaphragmatic ultrasound may offer a promising approach for assessing systemic inflammation and respiratory muscle performance in male COPD patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883251396535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T14:24:08Z","timestamp":1773239048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Relationship Between Diaphragmatic Ultrasound Parameters and Lipid Mediators in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0961-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warda","family":"Jelassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, RL 18SP02, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department 5A1, M\u00e9dip\u00f4le H\u00f4pital Mutualiste, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abir","family":"Hedhli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, RL 18SP02, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Hajtaeib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Biochemistry Department, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Euchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, RL 18SP02, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Kacem","family":"Ben Fraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Biochemistry Department, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Cheikhrouhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, RL 18SP02, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yacine","family":"Ouahchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, RL 18SP02, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Mjid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, RL 18SP02, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Toujani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, RL 18SP02, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moncef","family":"Feki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Biochemistry Department, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Besma","family":"Dhahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, RL 18SP02, La Rabta University Hospital Center, Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"Agarwal A. 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