{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:52:13Z","timestamp":1793937133061,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Medical University School-level Scientific Research Project","award":["2025BS27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025BS27"]}]},{"name":"Xi\u2019an Medical University Sports and Medical Integration Promotion Science and Technology Innovation Team","award":["2021TD10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021TD10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of combined carbohydrate (CH) and caffeine (CAF) supplementation on the sports performance of basketball players. A randomized crossover controlled experimental design was employed. A total of 32 collegiate-level basketball players were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: placebo (PLA), CH (30 g\/h glucose solution) group, CAF (3 mg\/kg body mass) group, and CH + CAF (combined intervention) group. Participants underwent a series of tests, including the countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint (20 m), change-of-direction and acceleration test (CODAT), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo), free throw (FT) test, and straight-line dribbling speed (SLDS) test. Heart rate (HR) and blood lactic acid (BLA) levels were also monitored during the tests. The results revealed that, in the CMJ, 20 m, and CODAT tests, the CAF and CH + CAF groups outperformed the PLA group significantly (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). In the Yo-Yo test, both the CH and CH + CAF groups demonstrated significantly better performance compared with the PLA group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). However, no significant differences were observed among the groups in the FT and SLDS tests (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; .05). Notably, the BLA levels in the CAF group were significantly higher than those in the PLA and CH groups 1-min postexercise (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), and also significantly higher than in the CH + CAF group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). Three min after exercise, BLA levels in both the CH + CAF and PLA groups increased significantly (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), with the CH + CAF group showing a greater increase compared with the CH group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). During exercise, the HR in the CH group was significantly lower than in the PLA group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01), while the HR in the CAF group was significantly higher than in the PLA group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). Furthermore, the HR in the CH group was significantly lower compared with the CAF group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01), and the HR in the CH + CAF group was significantly higher than in the CAF group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). After exercise, the HR in the CH group remained significantly lower than in the CAF group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of CH + CAF can effectively improve the overall sports performance of basketball players, with a certain recovery effect on physiological responses, but has no significant impact on professional skills. Overall, joint supplementation has not shown significant synergistic effects, but it can still be used as one of the nutritional strategies, with flexible selection of usage based on actual needs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883251412111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T14:11:57Z","timestamp":1769868717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Carbohydrate Combined with Caffeine on the Sports Performance of Basketball Players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8409-1496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"XiaoDong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blockchain and Healthcare, Health Service Research Center Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naichun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blockchain and Healthcare, Health Service Research Center Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blockchain and Healthcare, Health Service Research Center Xi\u2019an, Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of physical education, Xi\u2019an Physical Education University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Education College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1702-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7075249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05750-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-10-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.1.230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181739d9b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200939060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.20.3.191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.55860\/TRMF2461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.107017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2025.107437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","volume-title":"Developing endurance for sports performance in a basketball team","author":"Karjalainen V.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karjalainen V. 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