{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:20:49Z","timestamp":1792167649758,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Am J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diabetic-induced erectile dysfunction (DIED) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. Qianlie Beixi Capsules, a formulation of traditional Chinese medicine, have long been used for its management. The effectiveness of Qianlie Beixi Capsules in treating DIED was evaluated together with an exploration of their possible mechanism of action. Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to rats to induce diabetes, with confirmation of erectile dysfunction using apomorphine (APO). The animals were allocated to six groups: the blank control (NC), model (M), Qianlie Beixi Capsules low-dose (QD), Qianlie Beixi Capsules medium-dose (QZ), Qianlie Beixi Capsules high-dose (QG), and HIF-1\u03b1 inhibitor (YC) groups. After 2 weeks of treatment, serum levels of testosterone (T), Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), and Endothelial Microparticles (EMPs) were measured. Penile histology was analyzed for structural alterations. Furthermore, Western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were utilized to assess levels of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase(p70s6k), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF-1\u03b1), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS ) in the corpus cavernosum. The QZ and QG groups demonstrated markedly increased penile erection frequency relative to the model rats (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). Histological analyses revealed increased smooth muscle cell densities, reduced collagen deposition, and a decrease in erythrocytes within the blood sinuses in these groups. Expression of HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF proteins was significantly reduced (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), while eNOS expression was elevated (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). Moreover, serum levels of LOX-1 and EMPs were markedly reduced (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05) in the QZ and QG groups. Qianlie Beixi Capsules improve DIED by modifying the mTOR\/HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF signaling axis, which additionally increases penile endothelial function and reduces endothelial fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883261433804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T04:33:11Z","timestamp":1775709191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Qianlie Beixi Capsules Ameliorate Diabetes-Induced Erectile Dysfunction via Modulation of the HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF Signaling Pathway: Evidence From an in Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longji","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Beijing Jiangong Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhechao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6836-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junlong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Beijing Changping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1557-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weidong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengming","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9108-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergman R. N. Stefanovski D. Kim S. P. (2014). Systems analysis and the prediction and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 28 165\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.COPBIO.2014.05.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darby I. A. Hewitson T. D. (2016). Hypoxia in tissue repair and fibrosis. Cell and Tissue Research 365(3) 553\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00441-016-2461-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2461-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desai A. Chen R. Cayetano A. Jayasena C. N. Minhas S. (2023). Understanding and treating ejaculatory dysfunction in men with diabetes mellitus. Andrology 11(2) 379\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13262IF:3.2Q1","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Assar M. S\u00e1nchez-Puelles J. M. Royo I. L\u00f5pez-Hern\u00e1ndez E. S\u00e1nchez-Ferrer A. Ace\u00f1a J. L. Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1as L. Angulo J. (2015). FM19G11 reverses endothelial dysfunction in rat and human arteries through stimulation of the PI3K\/Akt\/eNOS pathway independently of mTOR\/HIF-1\u03b1 activation. British Journal of Pharmacology 172(5) 1277\u20131291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/BPH.12993","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foresta C. Caretta N. Lana A. Cabrelle A. Pal\u00f9 G. Ferlin A. (2005). Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in subjects with erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research 17(3) 288\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901311","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","unstructured":"Geng Q. (2021). Clinical expert consensus on the application of Qianlie Beixi Capsules in chronic prostatitis in China. Chinese Journal of Andrology 27(04) 366\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13263\/j.cnki.nja.2021.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hein T. W. Xu X. Ren Y. Xu W. Tsai S. H. Thengchaisri N. Kuo L. (2019). Requisite roles of LOX-1 JNK and arginase in diabetes-induced endothelial vasodilator dysfunction of porcine coronary arterioles. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 131 82\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.YJMCC.2019.04.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","first-page":"632","article-title":"Research progress on the relationship between erectile dysfunction and vascular endothelial function","volume":"7","author":"Hu J. L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hu J. L., Chen B. (2007). Research progress on the relationship between erectile dysfunction and vascular endothelial function. Chinese Journal of Andrology, 7, 632\u2013635.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Hu K. Wang H. J. (2022). Study on the improvement of erectile dysfunction in rats by leech and centipede decoction through regulating CaSR\/PLC\/PKC signaling pathway. Chinese Journal of Sexology 31(4) 150\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1672-1993.2022.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","unstructured":"Huang W. S. Xia J. T. (2018). Clinical observation of reperfusion arrhythmia in patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI. Journal of Clinical Emergency 19(8) 510\u2013512 517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13201\/j.issn.1009-5918.2018.08.004"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"931","article-title":"Efficacy observation of Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang combined with Sildenafil in the treatment of qi stagnation and blood stasis type 2 diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction","volume":"30","author":"Jia X. Y.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia X. Y., Zhang Y. J., Duan Y. H., Zhang H. B., Luo X. N. (2021). Efficacy observation of Shao Fu Zhu Yu Tang combined with Sildenafil in the treatment of qi stagnation and blood stasis type 2 diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction. Journal of Modern Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 30(9), 931\u2013935.","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","unstructured":"Li C. Wang A. L. Zhao Z. Q. Zhang Z. H. Zhang C. Zhang L. (2024). Protective effect of Astragaloside IV on the retina of type 2 diabetic rats. Chinese Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology 5 63\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13412\/j.cnki.zyyl.2024.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","unstructured":"Li H. S. Wang J. S. Dai H. H. Bao B. H. Deng S. Long Z. W. Xu H. S. Wang B. (2021). Mechanism of hirudo and scolopendra medicine in improving erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats based on the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway. Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 44(12) 1118\u20131125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1006-2157.2021.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","unstructured":"Li S. Li M. An X. Y. Di S. Tong X. L. (2021). Experience of \u201ctreating the root cause based on syndrome differentiation\u201d in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy by Tong Xiaolin. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 48(11) 24\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13192\/j.issn.1000-1719.2021.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Endothelial cell injury and blood stasis syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Li X.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Li X., Jiang P. (2000). Endothelial cell injury and blood stasis syndrome. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 2, 75\u201377.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","volume-title":"Clinical efficacy of Qianlie Beixi Capsules on III b prostatitis patients with sexual dysfunction","author":"Lin W. Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin W. Y., Li L., Bian T. C., Cheng J., Li J. S., Wang Y. X., Guo J. M. (2019). Clinical efficacy of Qianlie Beixi Capsules on III b prostatitis patients with sexual dysfunction [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the First Male Health Collaborative Innovation Forum of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and the Third National Youth Academic Forum on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Andrology, Nanchang, China."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"Liu G. Y. Gu Y. Liao X. D. Huang X. L. Jiang C. B. (2021). Clinical observation of tonifying kidney activating blood circulation and promoting meridian therapy in the treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction. Primary Medical Forum 25(20) 2919\u20132921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19435\/j.1672-1721.2021.20.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogurtsova K. da Rocha Fernandes J. D. Huang Y. Linnenkamp U. Guariguata L. Cho N. H. Cavan D. Shaw J. E. Makaroff L. E. (2017). IDF diabetes atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 128 40\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.DIABRES.2017.03.024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ph\u00e9 V. Roupr\u00eat M. (2012). Erectile dysfunction and diabetes: A review of the current evidence-based medicine and a synthesis of the main available therapies. Diabetes and Metabolism 38(1) 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.DIABET.2011.09.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2011.09.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Protecting penile endothelial function: A new approach to treating erectile dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Ren L. G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ren L. G., Li Z. (2011). Protecting penile endothelial function: A new approach to treating erectile dysfunction. Chinese Journal of Andrology, 17(2), 160\u2013164.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","unstructured":"Ru B. Z. Zhao X. Wu G. P. Lei B. C. Feng G. Q. (2020). Effect of Huoxue Qiwai Decoction combined with Sildenafil on Hcy NO ET-1 and sexual function in patients with erectile dysfunction. Clinical Medical Research and Practice 5(12) 141\u2013143 152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19347\/j.cnki.2096-1413.202012055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serocki M. Bartoszewska S. Janaszak-Jasiecka A. Ochocka R. J. Collawn J. F. Bartoszewski R. (2018). MiRNAs regulate the HIF switch during hypoxia: A novel therapeutic target. Angiogenesis 21(2) 183\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10456-018-9600-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-018-9600-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","volume-title":"Erectile dysfunction","author":"Sooriyamoorthy T.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sooriyamoorthy T., Leslie S. W. (2022). Erectile dysfunction. StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","unstructured":"Wang J. S. Li H. S. Li X. Dai H. H. Bao B. H. Feng J. L. Deng S. Long Z. W. Xu H. S. Wang B. (2021). Mechanism study of Achyranthes bidentata-Wangbuliuxing in treating erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats based on network pharmacology. World Science and Technology-Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine 23(5) 1579\u20131587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11842\/wst.20200805006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L. Gao P. Zhang M. Huang Z. Zhang D. Deng Q. Li Y. Zhao Z. Qin X. Jin D. Zhou M. Tang X. Hu Y. Wang L. (2017). Prevalence and ethnic pattern of diabetes and prediabetes in China in 2013. JAMA\u2014Journal of the American Medical Association 317(24) 2515\u20132523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2017.7596","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7596"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine on erectile dysfunction in diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Wang X. Y.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X. Y., Yin L. X., Han X. Y., Zhang Y., Kong H., Jiang Y. Y. (2023). Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine on erectile dysfunction in diabetes. Inner Mongolia Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 42(5), 165\u2013166.","journal-title":"Inner Mongolia Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","first-page":"1543","volume-title":"Pharmacological experimental methodology","author":"Xu S. Y.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xu S. Y., Bian R. L., Chen X. (2008). Pharmacological experimental methodology (3rd ed.; p. 1543). People\u2019s Medical Publishing House.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on fibrosis of corpus cavernosum and expression of RhoA and ROCK2 proteins in rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction","volume":"42","author":"Ye M. Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ye M. Y., Zhao F., Wang J. W., Shi B., Wang W., Ma J. X. (2022). Effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on fibrosis of corpus cavernosum and expression of RhoA and ROCK2 proteins in rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 42(11), 1369\u20131375.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","unstructured":"Zhang X. L. Li R. K. Gao T. Xu Q. Q. Wan S. F. Zhang L. Lu T. Y. (2023). Mechanism of Astragalus and angelica sinensis ultrafiltration membrane extracts in regulating renal fibrosis in DKD rats through the HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway mediated by renal hypoxia. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 6 1602\u20131610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231116.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","unstructured":"Zhou S. S. Ai Z. Z. Li W. N. Ba Y. M. (2020). Network pharmacology of Rheum officinale against renal fibrosis and the mechanism of action of its active components. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 26(10) 163\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13422\/j.cnki.syfjx.20201002"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Men's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15579883261433804","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15579883261433804","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15579883261433804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:28:38Z","timestamp":1777505318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15579883261433804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15579883261433804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15579883261433804","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-9883","1557-9891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-9883","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"article-number":"15579883261433804"}}