{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:57:38Z","timestamp":1777661858736,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Rhode Island State Legislature passed the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Uniform Controlled Substances Act<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 2016 to limit opioid prescriptions. We aimed to objectively evaluate its effect on opioid prescribing for hand surgery patients and also identify risk factors for prolonged opioid use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 6-month period (January-June 2016) prior to passage of the law was compared with a period following its implementation (July-December 2017). Thumb carpometacarpal arthroplasty and distal radius fracture fixation were classified as \u201cmajor surgery\u201d and carpal tunnel and trigger finger release as \u201cminor surgery.\u201d Prescription Drug Monitoring Database was used to review controlled substances filled during the study periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1380 patients met our inclusion criteria, with 644\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">prelaw<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 736\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">postlaw patients<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Patients undergoing \u201cmajor surgery\u201d saw a significant decrease in the number of pills issued in the first postoperative prescription (41.1 vs 21.0) and a corresponding decrease in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) (318.6 vs 159.2 MMEs) after implementation. A 30% decrease in MMEs was also seen in those undergoing \u201cmajor surgery\u201d in the first 30 days postoperatively (544.7 vs 381.7 MMEs). Risk factors for prolonged opioid use included male sex and preoperative opioid use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Rhode Island, opioid-limiting legislation resulted in a significant decrease in the number of pills and MMEs of the initial prescription and a 30% decrease in total MMEs in the 30-day postoperative period after \u201cmajor hand surgery.\u201d Additional research is needed to explore the association between legislation and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944720988132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T18:51:46Z","timestamp":1612810306000},"page":"1139-1146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is Opioid-Limiting Legislation Effective for Hand Surgery Patients?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0883-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalpit N.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel B. C.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack H.","family":"Ruddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin H.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Akelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Understanding the Epidemic Drug Overdose CDC Injury Center. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugoverdose\/epidemic\/index.html. Accessed June 6 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00066."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1612578"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1714529."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Christie C Baker C Cooper R et al. The President\u2019s commission on combating drug addiction and the opioid crisis. https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/whitehouse.gov\/files\/images\/Final_Report_Draft_11-1-2017.pdf. Published 2017. Accessed June 27 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Jenna Johnson JW. Trump declares the opioid crisis a public health emergency. The Washington Post. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-politics\/wp\/2017\/10\/26\/trump-plans-to-declare-the-opioid-crisis-a-public-health-emergency\/?utm_term=.7ef87079c947. Published October 26 2017. 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Accessed September 11 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.01.021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01307."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Opioid Oral Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) conversion factors. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Prescription-Drug-Coverage\/PrescriptionDrugCovContra\/Downloads\/Opioid-Morphine-EQ-Conversion-Factors-Aug-2017.pdf. Published 2017. Accessed July 9 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122957."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.00614."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944716646765."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.09.019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002388."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L Helm S Fellows B et al. Opioid epidemic in the United States. Pain Physician. 2012;15(3 suppl):ES9-ES38. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22786464. Accessed September 14 2018.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12809."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Tetrault JM Butner JL. Non-medical prescription opioid use and prescription opioid use disorder: a review. Yale J Biol Med. 2015;88(3):227-233. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26339205. Accessed January 1 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmp1807117."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13620."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13860."}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1558944720988132","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1558944720988132","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1558944720988132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:27:24Z","timestamp":1777447644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1558944720988132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1558944720988132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1558944720988132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]}}}