{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:57:56Z","timestamp":1777661876536,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008127","name":"depuy synthes spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008127","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the effect of Kirschner wire (K-wire) reuse and use of oscillating mode on heat generation within cortical bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two trocar-tipped K-wires were drilled through the diaphysis of each of 30 human metacarpals and phalanges: one K-wire was inserted in rotary mode and another in oscillating mode. Each wire was reused once. Thermocouples placed within the dorsal and volar bone adjacent to the K-wire drill path measured temperatures throughout each test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peak cortex temperatures were 25\u00b0C to 164\u00b0C. Rotary drilling achieves peak temperatures quicker (31 \u00b1 78 seconds vs 44 \u00b1 78 seconds, P = .19) than oscillating drilling, but insertion time is also less, resulting in lower overall heat exposure. This effect is also seen when the K-wire is reused (34 \u00b1 70 seconds vs 41 \u00b1 85 seconds, P = .4). The length of time that cortical bone was exposed to critical temperatures (47\u00b0C or more) was significantly higher when a wire was reused (36 \u00b1 72 seconds vs 43 \u00b1 82 seconds, P = .008). Peak temperatures greater than 70\u00b0C (a temperature associated with instantaneous cell death) were observed on many occasions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall heat exposure may be higher if a K-wire is reused or inserted in oscillating mode. In the absence of external cooling, K-wire insertion into cortical bone can easily expose bone to temperatures that exceed 70\u00b0C and may increase the risk of osteonecrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447211003172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T03:39:30Z","timestamp":1620963570000},"page":"314-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of K-wire Reuse and Drill Mode on Heat Generation in Bone"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0620-9169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muturi G.","family":"Muriuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun K.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Tauchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Havey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avinash G.","family":"Patwardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA"},{"name":"Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy R.","family":"Bindra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith University and Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15589447211003172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466070-00015"},{"key":"bibr2-15589447211003172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90275-5"},{"key":"bibr3-15589447211003172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(01)00016-9"},{"key":"bibr4-15589447211003172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.10.010"},{"key":"bibr5-15589447211003172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318409052849"},{"key":"bibr6-15589447211003172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198406000-00044"},{"key":"bibr7-15589447211003172","first-page":"292","volume":"1992","author":"Graebe A","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat 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