{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T13:23:16Z","timestamp":1788441796082,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intramedullary nail (IMN) fixation of metacarpal fractures is an alternative to Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation. The goal of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of K-wire fixation with a threaded IMN (InNate; ExsoMed, Aliso Viejo, California).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study design was based on previously described biomechanical models for evaluating metacarpal fractures. Sixteen fresh frozen small finger\u2013matched and ring finger\u2013matched pairs were randomized to either IMN or 0.045\u2009in K-wire fixation after receiving a standardized neck osteotomy. Proper implant placement was confirmed with plain radiographs. Specimens then underwent loading in a 3-point bend configuration. Load to failure (LTF), stiffness, and fracture displacement were recorded. Mechanical failure was defined by a sharp change in the load-displacement curve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Age, sex, sidedness (left or right), and digit (ring or small finger) were evenly distributed between groups. The IMN had a significantly higher LTF than K-wires (546 N vs 154 N,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). The K-wire fixation demonstrated plastic deformation between 75 and 150 N. Intramedullary nail stiffness was higher than that of K-wires (155.89 N\/mm vs 59.28 N\/mm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When surgical fixation is indicated for metacarpal neck and shaft fractures, the threaded IMN is biomechanically superior to crossed K-wires with the application of 3-point bend.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447211003182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T06:24:13Z","timestamp":1617949453000},"page":"55-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Threaded Intramedullary Nails Are Biomechanically Superior to Crossed K-wires for Metacarpal Neck Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4282-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Midhat","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Phoenix, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Phoenix, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Phoenix, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1520-1388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill G.","family":"Putnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Phoenix, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Arizona College of Medicine \u2013 Phoenix, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f830ad."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-013-9562-1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BTH.0b013e31815678ef."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.08.016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1992.16.1.30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80157-3."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200203000-00019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.03.004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2006.02.017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.09.029."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.07.011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Crossed K-wires versus intramedullary headless screw fixation of unstable metacarpal neck fractures: a biomechanical study","volume":"38","author":"Beutel BG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beutel BG, Ayalon O, Kennedy OD, et al. Crossed K-wires versus intramedullary headless screw fixation of unstable metacarpal neck fractures: a biomechanical study. Iowa Orthop J. 2018;38:153-157.","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.02.013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12195."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.01.023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005478."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.04.032."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1637002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.11.023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-014-9620-3."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1618911."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"[Minimal invasive osteosynthesis with cannulated screws in metacarpal fractures]","volume":"31","author":"Romo-Rodr\u00edguez R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Romo-Rodr\u00edguez R, Arroyo-Berezowsky C. [Minimal invasive osteosynthesis with cannulated screws in metacarpal fractures]. Acta Ortop Mex. 2017;31(2):75-81.","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Mex"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1593390."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.5.190068."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2003.12.002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0363-5023(05)80057-7."}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447211003182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15589447211003182","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447211003182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:27:28Z","timestamp":1777447648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15589447211003182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15589447211003182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447211003182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]}}}