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Diagnostic confusion for pain conditions in this region results from inconsistent definitions, terminology, tests, and descriptions in the literature of RTS and \u201ctennis elbow,\u201d or lateral epicondylitis. A case of bilateral RTS with signs discordant with traditionally used clinical diagnostic tests was successfully relieved with surgical decompression and led us to perform a comprehensive critical review of the condition. We delineate the controversy surrounding its diagnosis and aim to facilitate appropriate management and identify other areas for further study in this controversial condition. Clinical validity and evidence of anatomical rationale for the traditionally used Maudsley\u2019s provocative test is unclear in diagnosis of RTS or in chronic lateral elbow pain, if at all. Neither imaging nor electrophysiological studies contribute to a clinical diagnosis which is supported by short-term improvement after an injection with long-acting local anesthetic and corticosteroid. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of RTS can significantly improve quality of life, but validity and evidence for traditional clinical tests and definitions must be clarified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447211029045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T02:51:31Z","timestamp":1626835891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Radial Tunnel Syndrome: Case Report and Comprehensive Critical Review of a Compression Neuropathy Surrounded by Controversy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1896-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G. 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