{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:59:39Z","timestamp":1777661979906,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review discusses success, time to healing, and complications of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) 7 and 2 in treating upper extremity nonunions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review identified 26 of 479 studies that met inclusion criteria. Publications described application of BMPs to acute and chronic upper extremity delayed unions\/nonunions. Unions, complications, patient demographics, and fracture\/healing patterns were pooled and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonunions treated with BMP-7 (n=302) involved the humerus (64%), forearm (22%), clavicle (11%), and hand\/wrist (3%), with prior surgical correction attempted in 84%. Nonunions treated with BMP-2 (n=96) involved the humerus (58%), hand\/wrist (27%), forearm (14%), and clavicle (1%), with prior surgical correction attempted in all. Most nonunions (80%) were present for over 12 months before BMP application. Union rates of BMP-7 varied according to site: hand\/wrist (95%), humerus (74%), forearm (29%), and clavicle (6.2%) nonunions achieved union as defined by study authors in 232 days (confidence interval=96-369, Q&lt;0.001) on average. While not significant across studies, BMP-2 union rates were 71% of hand\/wrist and 75% of humerus nonunions. Comparison of the BMPs demonstrates different proportions of success in humerus and hand\/wrist fractures ( P&lt;.001) but not forearm fractures ( P&lt;.77) and longer time to radiographic union with BMP-7 ( P&lt;.011).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most hand\/wrist and humerus nonunions treated with BMP-7 and BMP-2 achieved union, with significant similarity among BMP-7 studies not observed in BMP-2 studies. Nonunions treated with BMP-7 have longer healing times yet similar complication rates compared with BMP-2. Overall, BMPs are an effective adjunct to fracture healing with acceptable complication profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944721990805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T02:27:46Z","timestamp":1617330466000},"page":"80-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bone Morphogenic Protein for Upper Extremity Fractures: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5784-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis B.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Scanaliato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, 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