{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:03:45Z","timestamp":1777662225483,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the impact of a variable-pitch headless screw\u2019s angle of insertion relative to the fracture plane on fracture gap closure and reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Variable-pitch, fully threaded headless screws were inserted into polyurethane blocks of \u201cnormal\u201d bone model density using a custom jig. Separate trials were completed with a 28-mm screw placed perpendicular and oblique\/longitudinal to varying fracture planes (0\u00b0, 15\u00b0, 30\u00b0, 45\u00b0, and 60\u00b0). Fluoroscopic images were taken after each turn during screw insertion and analyzed. Initial screw push-off, residual fracture gap at optimal fracture gap reduction, and malreduction were determined in each trial. Statistical analysis was performed via a 1-way analysis of variance followed by Student\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malreduction was found to be significantly different between the perpendicular (1.88 mm \u00b1 1.38) and the oblique\/longitudinal (0.58 mm \u00b1 0.23) screws. The malreduction increased for the perpendicular screw as the fracture angle increased (60\u00b0 &gt; 45\u00b0=30\u00b0 &gt; 15\u00b0 &gt; 0\u00b0). Residual fracture gap at optimal fracture gap reduction was also found to be significantly different between the perpendicular (0.97 \u00b1 0.42) and oblique\/longitudinal (1.43 \u00b1 1.14) screws. The residual fracture gap increased for the oblique\/longitudinal screw as the fracture angle increased, although the oblique\/longitudinal screw with a 60\u00b0 fracture angle was the only configuration significantly larger than all the other configurations. Screw push-off was not found to be significantly different between the oblique\/longitudinal screw and perpendicular screw trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The perpendicular screw had a larger malreduction that increased with fracture angle, whereas the oblique\/longitudinal screw had a larger residual fracture gap that increased with fracture angle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447221150504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T06:44:49Z","timestamp":1674542689000},"page":"656-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fracture Gap Closure and Reduction Are Affected by the Orientation of the Headless Compression 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