{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:04:06Z","timestamp":1777662246845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modern crossbow is a popular weapon used throughout the United States for outdoor recreation. Crossbow mechanics place the hand and digits at significant risk of injury while shooting or handling these weapons; however, injury patterns have been poorly documented. In this study, the authors use a national database to assess patterns of crossbow-related injuries of the hand and digits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was conducted to identify crossbow-related hand and digit injuries over the past 10 years. Demographic data, injury timing, anatomical injury location, specific injury diagnosis, and disposition data were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 15\u2009460 crossbow-related hand injuries were identified between 2011 and 2021. A strong temporal relationship was identified, with 89% of injuries occurring between the months of August and December. Male patients sustained most injuries (&gt;85%). Body areas injured were the digits (93.2%) and the hand (5.7%). The most common injuries were laceration (n = 7520, 48.6%), fracture (n = 4442, 28.7%), amputation (n = 1341, 8.7%), and contusion\/abrasion (n = 957, 6.2%). More than 50% of cases involved injury to the thumb, with approximately 750 thumb amputations recorded during the time period examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first to document the patterns of hand and digit injuries associated with crossbow use on a national scale. These findings have important implications for public health awareness campaigns targeting hunters and support the designation of crossbow \u201csafety wings\u201d as a mandatory feature of crossbow design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447231167579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T09:22:29Z","timestamp":1682673749000},"page":"1102-1108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two Thumbs Down: A 10-Year Analysis of Crossbow-Related Hand and Digit Injuries in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5415-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Oleck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan J.","family":"Pyfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miranda X.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhail K.","family":"Mithani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15589447231167579","unstructured":"Guilmartin JF. Military technology. Encyclopedia Britannica, November 4, 2020. https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/military-technology. Accessed June 27, 2022."},{"key":"bibr2-15589447231167579","unstructured":"Payne-Gallwey R. The Crossbow, Medi\u00e6val and Modern, Military and Sporting: Its Construction, History and Management, with a Treatise on the Balista and Catapult of the Ancients. Longmans, Green and Company; 1903. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=wXVPAAAAYAAJ. Accessed June 27, 2022."},{"key":"bibr3-15589447231167579","unstructured":"Smith WH. Crossbow Hunting. Stackpole Books; 2006. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=9L23DAAAQBAJ. Accessed June 27, 2022."},{"key":"bibr4-15589447231167579","unstructured":"Market Growth Reports. Global and United States crossbows market report & forecast 2022-2028, July 5, 2022. MarketGrowthReports.com"},{"key":"bibr5-15589447231167579","first-page":"45","volume":"38","author":"Guetschow B","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr6-15589447231167579","first-page":"171","volume":"41","author":"McIlrath MD","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"bibr7-15589447231167579","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102147"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr8-15589447231167579","first-page":"756","volume":"55","author":"Vogels E","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"bibr9-15589447231167579","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007547"},{"key":"bibr10-15589447231167579","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.05.021"},{"key":"bibr11-15589447231167579","unstructured":"US Consumer Product Safety Commission. NEISS highlights, data, and query builder. https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/cgibin\/NEISSQuery\/home.aspx. Accessed June 27, 2022."},{"key":"bibr12-15589447231167579","unstructured":"US Department of the Interior, US Fish and Wildlife Service, and US Department of Commerce, US Census Bureau. 2016 national survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation. https:\/\/fws.gov\/media\/2016-national-survey-fishing-hunting-and-wildlife-associated-recreation. Accessed June 27, 2022."},{"key":"bibr13-15589447231167579","unstructured":"Wilson TV. How crossbows work. Howstuffworks.com, September 29, 2006. https:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/crossbow.htm. Accessed June 27, 2022."},{"key":"bibr14-15589447231167579","unstructured":"North American Crossbow Federation. NACF\/ANSI standards. http:\/\/www.northamericancrossbowfederation.com\/nacfansi-standards.html. Published 31 July 2018. Accessed June 27, 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr15-15589447231167579","first-page":"20","volume":"107","author":"Halanski MA","year":"2008","journal-title":"WMJ"},{"key":"bibr16-15589447231167579","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000151348.91729.B6"},{"key":"bibr17-15589447231167579","unstructured":"Chang J, Neligan P. Plastic Surgery: Volume 6: Hand and Upper Limb. Elsevier; 2017. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=le6MAQAACAAJ. Accessed. June 27, 2022."},{"key":"bibr18-15589447231167579","unstructured":"Queen v. Hunter\u2019s Mfg. Co., CASE NO. 5:16-cv-2262 (N.D. Ohio Dec. 31, 2018)."},{"key":"bibr19-15589447231167579","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00730.x"}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447231167579","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15589447231167579","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447231167579","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:28:48Z","timestamp":1777447728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15589447231167579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15589447231167579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447231167579","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]}}}