{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:05:16Z","timestamp":1777662316298,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kirschner wire (K-wire) insertion during surgery for distal radius fractures carries a risk of damaging the radial nerve\u2019s superficial branch. In this prospective study, we investigated the relationship between the radial nerve\u2019s superficial branch and the radius using ultrasound to minimize risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected data from 101 healthy volunteers (202 limbs; 51 men; mean age: 40.6 years). We ultrasonographically assessed the courses of the radial nerve\u2019s dorsal and superficial palmar branches at 0, 1, 2, and 3 cm proximal to the radial styloid process tip. The positional relationship between the radial nerve\u2019s superficial branch and the radius was determined by splitting the radius\u2019s ultrasound map into 4 sections (R1-R4) from the palmar side. The section containing the dorsal and palmar branch midpoints was determined for each height.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In many limbs, the dorsal branch tended to wrap from the proximal palmar to the distal dorsal side at 1 to 2 cm proximal to the radial styloid process tip. In approximately 90% of limbs, the palmar branch ran along the radius\u2019s palmar side rather than the radial surface.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A small incision enabling direct view may be the best approach for avoiding nerve damage when the superficial branch is less than or equal to 2 cm proximal to the tip of the radial styloid process. Inserting the K-wire from the dorsal side of the radius may be safer for more proximal locations. We recommend a preoperative ultrasound examination to determine the course of the superficial branches of the radial nerve in each patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447231196903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T11:44:07Z","timestamp":1694691847000},"page":"98-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound Investigation of the Radial Nerve\u2019s Superficial Branch: Reducing the Risk of K-Wire Insertion Damage in Distal Radius Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8677-0089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomo","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanazawa Seirei Hospital, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8930-1093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Tada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanazawa University, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.04.004"},{"key":"bibr2-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(97)80112-8"},{"key":"bibr3-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80059-0"},{"key":"bibr4-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200102000-00004"},{"key":"bibr5-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199411000-00034"},{"key":"bibr6-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.70.355"},{"key":"bibr7-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2018.01.001"},{"key":"bibr8-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-012-0932-0"},{"key":"bibr9-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.08.012"},{"key":"bibr10-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.06.002"},{"key":"bibr11-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80455-1"},{"key":"bibr12-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-018-2297-5"},{"key":"bibr13-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2014.38.1.52"},{"key":"bibr14-15589447231196903","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24235"}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447231196903","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15589447231196903","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447231196903","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:28:56Z","timestamp":1777447736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15589447231196903"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15589447231196903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447231196903","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]}}}