{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:14:40Z","timestamp":1787019280055,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The arcade of Struthers was first proposed by Kane et al in 1973. Clinical investigations of this structure have been limited to small case series, focusing on the arcade as an isolated cause of compressive ulnar neuropathy. The purpose of our study was to investigate the incidence of this structure in patients undergoing ulnar nerve transposition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review of prospectively maintained data in a single surgeon\u2019s practice was performed. Records of patients undergoing surgery for compressive ulnar neuropathy at the cubital tunnel were evaluated for documentation of a compressive arcade of Struthers. In addition, a scoping review of the literature was undertaken to better characterize current understanding of this structure and its recognition in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 197 patients underwent ulnar nerve transposition. The overall incidence of a compressive arcade of Struthers was noted to be 67 out of 197 (34%). All patients with a compressive arcade were noted to have an internal brachial ligament running below the nerve. Patients undergoing revision surgery were found to have a compressive arcade 51% of the time (20\/39), whereas 30% of patients undergoing primary surgery were found to have a compressive arcade (47\/158). Only 12 clinical studies examining the arcade of Struthers have been published in the last 20 years, the majority being single case reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compression of the ulnar nerve by the arcade of Struthers is a common finding and can contribute to compressive ulnar neuropathy at the elbow both in primary and revision cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447241232013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T07:20:20Z","timestamp":1708672820000},"page":"579-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Compression of the Ulnar Nerve by the Arcade of Struthers: Look and You Shall Find"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-4439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shady","family":"Elmaraghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7748-7759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan M.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5561-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Mackinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944721998022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00554"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2020.0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.06.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(92)90188-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200009000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2003.50071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Yee A Mackinnon S. Submuscular ulnar nerve transposition. WUSTL Learn Surgery. March 8 2011. https:\/\/surgicaleducation.wustl.edu\/submuscular-ulnar-nerve-transposition\/. Accessed June 10 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Yee A Mackinnon S. Revision ulnar nerve transposition following failed submuscular ulnar nerve transposition. WUSTL Learn Surgery. August 30 2016. https:\/\/surgicaleducation.wustl.edu\/submuscular-ulnar-nerve-transposition\/. Accessed June 10 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/175857322311565."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-014-9721-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-010-9280-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/gulhane.36982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmart.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve","author":"Mackinnon SE","unstructured":"Mackinnon SE, Dellon AL. Ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow. In Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve. 1st ed. New York: George Thieme Verlag; 1988:217-273.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000150144.73603.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(91)90059-W"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"487","article-title":"Observations of the course of the ulnar nerve in the arm","volume":"27","author":"Kane E","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kane E, Kaplan EB, Spinner M. Observations of the course of the ulnar nerve in the arm. Ann Chir. 1973;27(5):487-496.","journal-title":"Ann Chir"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0072-968X_76_90008-5"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"523","article-title":"On some points in the abnormal anatomy of the arm","volume":"13","author":"Struthers J.","year":"1854","unstructured":"Struthers J. On some points in the abnormal anatomy of the arm. Br Foreign Med Chir Rev. 1854;13(26):523-533.","journal-title":"Br Foreign Med Chir Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.91139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2016.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681_86_90254-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2005.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(03)00421-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810410004941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-007-9037-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072020-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-003-0006-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(78)80121-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.1.2675180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000089488.35632.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6452"}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447241232013","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15589447241232013","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447241232013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:29:22Z","timestamp":1777447762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15589447241232013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15589447241232013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447241232013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]}}}