{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:46:29Z","timestamp":1793137589546,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, ChatGPT has become a popular source of information online. Physicians need to be aware of the resources their patients are using to self-inform of their conditions. This study investigates physician-graded accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT regarding various questions patients are likely to ask the artificial intelligence (AI) system concerning common upper limb orthopedic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT 3.5 was interrogated concerning 5 common orthopedic hand conditions: carpal tunnel syndrome, Dupuytren contracture, De Quervain tenosynovitis, trigger finger, and carpal metacarpal arthritis. Questions evaluated conditions\u2019 symptoms, pathology, management, surgical indications, recovery time, insurance coverage, and workers\u2019 compensation possibility. Each topic had 12 to 15 questions and was established as its own ChatGPT conversation. All questions regarding the same diagnosis were presented to the AI, and its answers were recorded. Each question was then graded for both accuracy (Likert scale of 1-6) and completeness (Likert scale of 1-3) by 10 fellowship trained hand surgeons. Descriptive statistics were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the mean accuracy score for ChatGPT\u2019s answers to common orthopedic hand diagnoses was 4.83 out of 6 \u00b1 0.95. The mean completeness of answers was 2 out of 3 \u00b1 0.59.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Easily accessible online AI such as ChatGPT is becoming more advanced and thus more reliable in its ability to answer common medical questions. Physicians can anticipate such online resources being mostly correct, however incomplete. Patients should beware of relying on such resources in isolation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447241247246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T01:19:41Z","timestamp":1713921581000},"page":"801-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Can Patients Rely on ChatGPT to Answer Hand Pathology\u2013Related Medical Questions?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7432-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Jagiella-Lodise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Zelenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944719895780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.35179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Guinness H. How does ChatGPT work? Zapier. September 6 2023. https:\/\/zapier.com\/blog\/how-does-chatgpt-work\/. Accessed September 10 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2023.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2566942\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"Krippendorff. PyPI. https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/krippendorff\/. Accessed August 5 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Simpledorff: calculate Krippendorff\u2019s alpha on any dataframe. https:\/\/www.lighttag.io\/blog\/krippendorffs-alpha\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231169858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Duarte F. Number of ChatGPT users. Exploding Topics. March 27 2024. https:\/\/explodingtopics.com\/blog\/chatgpt-users. Published March 30 2023. Accessed August 5 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717744340"}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447241247246","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15589447241247246","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447241247246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:29:30Z","timestamp":1777447770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15589447241247246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15589447241247246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447241247246","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]}}}