{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:38:10Z","timestamp":1787506690866,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While concomitant opioid and benzodiazepine use is discouraged due to an increased risk of sedation\/overdose, the extent of perioperative opioid utilization in hand surgery patients already using benzodiazepines is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using an administrative claims database, we identified adults undergoing carpal tunnel, DeQuervain, or trigger finger release, palmar fasciectomies, ganglion\/mucoid cyst removals, and hand\/wrist soft tissue mass excisions from 2011 to 2021. We identified opioid-naive patients with a benzodiazepine prescription within 90 days before surgery. Outcomes included the percentage of patients prescribed opioids and the amount of opioids prescribed, new persistent opioid utilization, postoperative emergency department (ED) visits, hand therapy utilization, and opioid overdose. We used multivariable regression models to adjust for age, sex, region, insurance, procedure, and comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with benzodiazepine utilization had a higher adjusted odds of perioperative opioid prescriptions, amount of opioids filled, and new, persistent opioid use compared with patients without benzodiazepine use (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). In the multivariable analysis, patients with benzodiazepine use received +30.8 (95% CI: 28.9-32.8) morphine milligram equivalents and had an odds ratio of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.44-1.52) for developing new, persistent opioid use compared with patients without benzodiazepine use. Patients with preoperative benzodiazepine use also had increased postoperative ED visits and hand therapy utilization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid-naive patients undergoing soft tissue hand surgery who are using benzodiazepines were prescribed opioids more frequently\/at higher amounts and experienced an increased odds of developing new, persistent opioid use. Surgeons could consider reducing opioid prescriptions in patients already using benzodiazepines in favor of nonopioid pain strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447241312998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T05:23:11Z","timestamp":1737609791000},"page":"453-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concurrent Perioperative Benzodiazepine and Opioid Utilization in Opioid-Naive Patients Undergoing Soft Tissue Hand Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3123-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thompson","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellis M.","family":"Berns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"},{"name":"Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9749-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Sobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dowell D Ragan K Jones C et al CDC Clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain\u2014United States 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2022. Accessed March 28 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/71\/rr\/rr7103a1.htm?_cid=rr7103a1_w","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun EC Dixit A Humphreys K et al Association between concurrent use of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines and overdose. BMJ. 2017;356:j760. Accessed March 28 2024. https:\/\/www-jstor-org.laneproxy.stanford.edu\/stable\/26949686","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j760"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.28557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Reduce risk of opioid overdose deaths by avoiding and reducing co-prescribing benzodiazepines. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 2019. 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U.S. Food & Drug Administration 2016. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-requires-strong-warnings-opioid-analgesics-prescription-opioid-cough-products-and-benzodiazepine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-19-00676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20201026-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.03.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03486-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.10.014"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","article-title":"Narcotic-free, over-the-counter pain management after wide-awake hand surgery","volume":"3","author":"Sraj S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sraj S. Narcotic-free, over-the-counter pain management after wide-awake hand surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019;3(11):e19.00137.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.07.113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.12.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"319","article-title":"Post-operative opioid, benzodiazepine and sedative usage in Medicare versus commercial insurance hand surgery patients","volume":"9","author":"Lutsky KF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lutsky KF, Hozack B, Lucenti L, et al Post-operative opioid, benzodiazepine and sedative usage in Medicare versus commercial insurance hand surgery patients. 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