{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:12:13Z","timestamp":1777662733723,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment of scaphoid nonunion is challenging, with one approach aiming to provide vascularized bone to encourage union. While the iliac crest and medial femoral condyle are well-described donor sites for osseous flaps, they require violation of a separate limb and confer particular donor site morbidities. We investigate the viability of using a proximal olecranon osseous free flap in the setting of scaphoid nonunion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten proximal olecranon free flaps were harvested in cadaveric specimens, and the length of the pedicle, diameter of the pedicle, number of perforators and quality of bone graft harvested were recorded. Furthermore, a volar approach to the scaphoid was performed, and the shortest distance from the scaphoid to the radial artery noted, to determine whether utilization of the olecranon free flap was possible without grafting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The posterior ulnar recurrent artery [PURA] was present in all specimens. The median pedicle length from take-off of the PURA to the olecranon flap was 65 (62.2-71.0) mm. The number of visible periosteal perforators varied between 1 and 2 per specimen. The median diameter of the main perforator before dividing into subperiosteal branches was 2 (2.1-2.5) mm. The quality of the bone graft harvested was mainly assessed as good (n = 5) or moderate (n = 4). The mean shortest distance from scaphoid to radial artery was 10 mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The olecranon free flap is a suitable alternative source of vascularized bone for scaphoid nonunion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447251329569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T01:49:44Z","timestamp":1745459384000},"page":"617-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proximal Olecranon Free Flap for Cystic Scaphoid Nonunion: An Anatomical Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8328-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura C.","family":"Burlage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liron","family":"Duraku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brahman Shankar","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Collaboration on Hands (ARCH), Mudgeeraba, QLD, Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02844319950159145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193415604778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1779292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","article-title":"Vascularized bone grafting from the volar distal radius for carpal bones reconstruction","volume":"29","author":"Mathoulin C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mathoulin C, Gras M, Roukos S. Vascularized bone grafting from the volar distal radius for carpal bones reconstruction. Chir Main. 2010;29(suppl 1):S65-S76.","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(91)90017-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2003.tb00198.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","article-title":"Analysis of 22 posterior ulnar recurrent artery perforator flaps: a type of proximal ulnar perforator flap","volume":"10","author":"Mateev MA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mateev MA, Trunov L, Hyakusoku H, et al. Analysis of 22 posterior ulnar recurrent artery perforator flaps: a type of proximal ulnar perforator flap. Eplasty. 2009;10:e2.","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835522300043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200109010-00010"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","article-title":"Evaluation of donor site morbidity associated with iliac crest bone harvest in oral and maxillofacial, reconstructive surgery","volume":"11","author":"Sudhakar KNV","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sudhakar KNV, Mohanty R, Singh V. Evaluation of donor site morbidity associated with iliac crest bone harvest in oral and maxillofacial, reconstructive surgery. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(6):ZC28-ZC33.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","article-title":"Incidence of donor site morbidity following harvesting from iliac crest or RIA graft","volume":"6","author":"Calori GM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calori GM, Colombo M, Mazza EL, et al. Incidence of donor site morbidity following harvesting from iliac crest or RIA graft. Injury. 45. 2014;6:S116-120.","journal-title":"Injury. 45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004691"}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447251329569","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15589447251329569","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447251329569","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:30:04Z","timestamp":1777447804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15589447251329569"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15589447251329569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447251329569","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]}}}