{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:22:15Z","timestamp":1783606935740,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soft tissue reconstruction using a pronator quadratus pedicled rotational flap (PQPRF) has not been described in detail previously. This cadaveric study assesses surface-area mapping for PQPRF reconstruction and technical considerations for surgical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fresh-frozen trans-humeral cadaveric amputation specimens were used. The PQPRF and its anterior interosseous artery (AIA) pedicle were isolated to assess muscle perfusion and to map the anatomic feasibility of rotational flap coverage. The AIA pedicle was created by its distal to proximal dissection, preserving the distal most flexor pollicis longus neurovascular pedicle to facilitate flap mobilization and simulate flap elevation. Following India ink injection of the brachial artery, muscular perfusion was confirmed. Pronator quadratus pedicled rotational flap dimensions and its rotational arc relative to local anatomy references were measured. Descriptive statistical analyses were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven cadaveric specimens were evaluated. Mean PQPRF dimensions were 54 \u00d7 37 mm \u00b1 5.8 \u00d7 3.5 mm. Anterior interosseous artery pedicle length was 84 \u00b1 17 mm. Pronator quadratus pedicled rotational flap rotational arc observed was: distal: 8 \u00b1 6.9 mm proximal to the radial styloid and 20 \u00b1 13.2 mm proximal to the ulnar styloid; the flap covered dorsal and radial to the mid-sagittal line of the radial forearm 38.6 \u00b1 24.7 mm. In a proximal direction, the flap covered up to 44.3 \u00b1 31.6 mm distal to the medial epicondyle. Dorsal forearm and wrist coverage using the PQPRF via an interosseous membrane window was measured to 9.2 \u00b1 7.1 mm distal to Lister\u2019s tubercle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PQPRF is reliably perfused based on an anterograde AIA vascular supply and is a variable but useful option for wrist and forearm soft tissue reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447261463809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:47:23Z","timestamp":1783428443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pronator Quadratus Pedicled Rotational Flap: Anatomic Feasibility Study for Regional Soft Tissue Coverage of the Forearm and Wrist"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7611-9054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA"},{"name":"Denver Health Medical Center, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7255-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacy","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3893-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Judge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA"},{"name":"Denver Health Medical Center, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5889-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Lauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA"},{"name":"Denver Health Medical Center, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fraser J.","family":"Leversedge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B12.BJJ-2019-0493.R1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2014.6.3.267"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.10.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"24","volume-title":"The Art of Microsurgical Hand Reconstruction","author":"Slutsky D","unstructured":"Slutsky D. Pedicle radial forearm flap. In: Slutsky DJ, ed. The Art of Microsurgical Hand Reconstruction. 1st ed. Thieme Medical Publishers; 2013:24-32.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0266-7681(96)80175-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1556858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0363-5023(09)90027-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"189","volume-title":"A pocketbook manual of hand and upper extremity anatomy: primus Manus","author":"Leversedge F","unstructured":"Leversedge F, Goldfarb C, Boyer M. A pocketbook manual of hand and upper extremity anatomy: primus Manus. 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