{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T19:57:36Z","timestamp":1785700656231,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008089","name":"Health Care Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hand (New York, N,Y.)"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Airborne microbial contamination contributes to surgical site infections. While operating rooms (ORs) use specialized ventilation, many minor procedures are now performed outside the main suite using field sterility. This study compared airborne bacterial deposition across 3 clinical settings with differing sterility protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An observational environmental sampling study was conducted in a minor procedures room, a day surgery suite, and a main OR. Minor procedures and day surgery used identical field-sterility draping; the OR used full sterile draping. On each sampling day, 15 blood agar settle plates were exposed in 3 sequential 1-hour intervals (5 plates\/hour) on a tray 1 m above the floor and 1 m from the operative field, following index of microbial air contamination principles. After 24-hour incubation at 37 \u00b0C, colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted (n = 180 total; 60 per environment). Mean CFU counts were compared using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall differences in mean CFU counts across the 3 environments were statistically significant (1-way ANOVA,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 23.10,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). The minor procedures room had the highest mean CFU\/plate at 3.48 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2.53), followed by the day surgery suite at 2.23 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.47), and the OR at 1.17 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.38). Tukey post hoc testing showed significantly higher counts in the minor procedures room compared with the OR (mean difference [MD] = 2.32,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001) and day surgery suite (MD = 1.25,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0013). Day surgery counts were also significantly higher than the OR (MD = 1.07,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .0058).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Airborne microbial deposition differed significantly across environments, lowest in the OR and highest in the minor procedures room. Despite identical field-sterility draping in minor procedures and day surgery, contamination levels varied, suggesting environmental factors beyond draping influence microbial burden and should be considered when evaluating procedural environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447261467940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:46:47Z","timestamp":1785347207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Airborne Bacterial Deposition Onto Surgical Sites Under Operating Room Versus Field Sterility: A Passive Air Sampling Study Across 3 Surgical Environments"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5783-3436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Gillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, NL Health Services, St. John\u2019s, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(91)90056-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91399-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20408\/jti.2025.0019"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Operating theatre quality and prevention of surgical site infections","volume":"54","author":"Spagnolo AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spagnolo AM, Ottria G, Amicizia D, Perdelli F, Cristina ML. Operating theatre quality and prevention of surgical site infections. J Prev Med Hyg. 2013;54(3):131-137.","journal-title":"J Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/22925503231161073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30059-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-010-9301-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/22925503211003840"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23407-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0820"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app15168976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v21i1.69039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-594"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38874"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Cost savings using minimal draping for routine hand procedures","volume":"94","author":"Kalliainen LK","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kalliainen LK, Lacey A. Cost savings using minimal draping for routine hand procedures. Minn Med. 2011;94(11):44-45.","journal-title":"Minn Med"}],"container-title":["HAND"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447261467940","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15589447261467940","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15589447261467940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T19:43:29Z","timestamp":1785699809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15589447261467940"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15589447261467940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15589447261467940","relation":{},"ISSN":["1558-9447","1558-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1558-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"article-number":"15589447261467940"}}