{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T14:45:40Z","timestamp":1784385940596,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dose-Response"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immune-inflammatory response mainly affecting nasal mucosa. Apigenin, a flavonoid, has been documented to possess promising anti-allergic potential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the potential mechanism of action of apigenin against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR by assessing various behavioral, biochemical, molecular, and ultrastructural modifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allergic rhinitis was induced in BALB\/c mice (18-22 grams) by sensitizing it with OVA (5%, 500 \u03bcL, intraperitoneal [IP] on each consecutive day, for 13 days) followed by intranasal challenge with OVA (5%, 5 \u03bcL per nostril on day 21). Animals were treated with either vehicle (distilled water, 10 mg\/kg, IP) or apigenin (5, 10, and 20 mg\/kg, IP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intranasal challenge of OVA resulted in significant induction ( P &lt; .05) of AR reflected by an increase in nasal symptoms (sneezing, rubbing, and discharge), which were ameliorated significantly ( P &lt; .05) by apigenin (10 and 20 mg\/kg) treatment. It also significantly inhibited ( P &lt; .05) OVA-induced elevated serum histamine, OVA-specific IgE, total IgE, and IgG1 and \u03b2-hexosaminidase levels. Ovalbumin-induced increased levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 in nasal lavage fluid were significantly decreased ( P &lt; .05) by apigenin. Ovalbumin-induced alterations in splenic GATA binding protein 3 (ie, erythroid transcription factor) (GATA3), T-box protein expressed in T cells (T-bet), signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT6), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB), and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha messenger RNA, as well as protein expressions were significantly inhibited ( P &lt; .05) by apigenin. It also significantly ameliorated ( P &lt; .05) nasal and spleen histopathologic and ultrastructure aberration induced by OVA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apigenin regulates Th1\/Th2 balance via suppression in expressions of Th2 response (IgE, histamine, ILs, GATA3, STAT6, SOCS1, and NF-\u03baB) and activation of Th1 response (IFN-\u03b3 and T-bet) to exert its anti-allergic potential in a murine model of OVA-induced AR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325820904799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T05:41:26Z","timestamp":1583214086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Apigenin Attenuates Allergic Responses of Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis Through Modulation of Th1\/Th2 Responses in Experimental Mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1068-0711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bailing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 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