{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T12:51:44Z","timestamp":1777553504814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dose-Response"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dexmedetomidine can effectively decrease the incidences of emergence agitation (EA) in adult patients, but there are major side effects related to increased dose of dexmedetomidine. The purpose of this study was to determine the median effective dose of dexmedetomidine in the prevention of EA among geriatric patients undergoing major open surgery with general anesthesia. A total of 50 geriatric patients were enrolled in this study. Dexmedetomidine 0.5\u00a0\u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    continuous intravenous infusion was administered to the first patient. The next dose was increased or decreased by .05 depending on the response of the previous patient, according to the Dixon up-and-down method. An \u201ceffective\u201d or \u201cineffective\u201d response was determined based on the Riker sedation-agitation score (RSAS), we defined \u201ceffective\u201d as RSAS&lt;5, and \u201cineffective\u201d as RSAS\u22655. The ED50 of dexmedetomidine in prevention of EA was .30\u00a0\u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (95% CI, .27\u2013.33) and the predicted ED95 was .42\u00a0\u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (95% CI, .38\u2013.51). The incidence of bradycardia was significantly increased in the group without EA compared to the group with EA (57.1% vs 13.6%, P = .002). The ED50 of dexmedetomidine in prevention of EA was .30\u00a0\u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (95% CI, .27\u2013.33) and the predicted ED95 was .42\u00a0\u03bcg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (95% CI, .38\u2013.51). Bradycardia was the main complication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258211037153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:47:25Z","timestamp":1630111645000},"page":"155932582110371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Determination of the Median Effective Dose of Dexmedetomidine for the Prevention of Emergence Agitation in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Major Open Surgery With General Anesthesia: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Dose-Response Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6059-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"WeiBing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated AnQing Municipal Hospitals of Anhui Medical University, AnQing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated AnQing Municipal Hospitals of Anhui Medical University, AnQing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AiJiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated AnQing Municipal Hospitals of Anhui Medical University, AnQing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JinBo","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated AnQing Municipal Hospitals of Anhui Medical University, AnQing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JingChong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated AnQing Municipal Hospitals of Anhui Medical University, AnQing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated AnQing Municipal Hospitals of Anhui Medical University, AnQing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196109000-00002"},{"key":"bibr2-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000250914.91881.a8"},{"key":"bibr3-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12717"},{"key":"bibr4-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael094"},{"key":"bibr5-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-010-9338-9"},{"key":"bibr6-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu442"},{"key":"bibr7-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2015.8.1.46"},{"key":"bibr8-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.3097"},{"key":"bibr9-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000188420.84763.35"},{"key":"bibr10-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(05)70185-8"},{"key":"bibr11-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200302000-00024"},{"key":"bibr12-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001325"},{"key":"bibr13-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.022"},{"key":"bibr14-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.04.027"},{"key":"bibr15-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000931"},{"key":"bibr16-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.150051"},{"key":"bibr17-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_419_17"},{"key":"bibr18-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.304"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr19-15593258211037153","first-page":"2863","volume":"31","author":"Sun Q","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"bibr20-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_788_17"},{"key":"bibr21-15593258211037153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199907000-00022"},{"key":"bibr22-15593258211037153","unstructured":"Dixon WJ, Massey FJ. 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