{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T05:50:12Z","timestamp":1782625812860,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2017009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017009"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2017009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dose-Response"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute ischemic stroke is a current major disabling and killer disease worldwide. We aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate in alleviating acute ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (weighing 250\u2013300\u00a0g) were randomly allocated into three groups: sham operation group (sham group), diammonium glycyrrhizinate group (DG group) and model group (model group) each with 30 individuals. A rat model of focal CIR injury was established by reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zea-Longa scores for the rats in the DG group and model group were 7-fold and 8-fold higher than those of the sham group 2 h post-surgery (2.90 \u00b1 0.99 vs. 0.30 \u00b1 0.53, P &lt; .05; 2.80 \u00b1 0.61 vs. 0.30 \u00b1 0.53, P &lt; .05, respectively). Three days after model establishment, the scores of DG group were 26.92% lower compared with those of the model group (1.90 \u00b1 0.76 vs. 2.60 \u00b1 0.62, P &lt; .05). In addition, compared with the sham group, the number of Nissl bodies and Akt-positive cells in were 27.35% and 30.42% lower in the hippocampus of the DG group (Nissl bodies: 83.40 \u00b1 7.01 vs. 115.60 \u00b1 11.97, p &lt; 0.05; Akt-positive cells: 94.70 \u00b1 8.23 vs. 136.10 \u00b1 10.37, P &lt; .05) and 58.65% and 57.31% lower in the model group (Nissl bodies: 47.80 \u00b1 4.91 vs. 115.60 \u00b1 11.97, P &lt; .05; Akt-positive cells: 58.10 \u00b1 4.98 vs. 136.10 \u00b1 10.37, P &lt; 0.05), respectively. However, the number of Nissl bodies and Akt-positive cells in the hippocampus of DG group were 74.48% and 62.9% higher compared with the model group, respectively (Nissl bodies: 83.40 \u00b1 7.01 vs. 47.80 \u00b1 4, P &lt; 0.05; Akt-positive cells: 94.70 \u00b1 8.23 vs. 58.10 \u00b1 4.98, P &lt; .05). In addition, compared with the sham group, the number of caspase-3-positive cells, the expression level of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) were 2-fold, 34.38%, 64.78% higher in the DG group (caspase-3-positive cells: 78.70 \u00b1 6.52 vs. 27.10 \u00b13.00, P &lt; .05; p-38MAPK: 0.43 \u00b1 0.15 vs. 0.32 \u00b1 0.10, P &lt; .05; MMP-9: 14.83 \u00b1 1.18 vs. 9.00 \u00b1 2.05, P &lt; .05, respectively), and more than 3-fold, 1-fold and 1-fold higher in model group (caspase-3-positive cells: 121.10 \u00b1 11.04 vs. 27.10 \u00b1 3.00, P &lt; .05; p-38MAPK: 0.70 \u00b1 0.12 vs. 0.32 \u00b1 0.10, P &lt; .05; MMP-9: 19.00 \u00b1 1.90 vs. 9.00 \u00b1 2.05, P &lt; .05), respectively. However, the number of caspase-3-positive cells and the expression levels of p-38MAPK and MMP-9 were 35.01%, 38.57% and 28.12% lower in DG group compared with the model group (caspase-3-positive cells: 78.70 \u00b1 6.52 vs. 121.10 \u00b1 11.04, P &lt; .05; p-38MAPK: 0.43 \u00b1 0.15 vs. 0.70 \u00b1 0.12, P &lt; .05; MMP-9: 14.83 \u00b1 1.18 vs. 19.00 \u00b1 1.90, P &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed that diammonium glycyrrhizinate at 20\u00a0mg\/kg\/day had a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by promoting formation of Nissl bodies and increasing protein expression of Akt while decreasing that of caspase-3, p38 MAPK and MMP-9, either directly or indirectly, by inhibiting apoptosis and reducing neuroinflammation. All these mechanisms resulted in improved overall neurological function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258221142792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T14:35:54Z","timestamp":1669905354000},"page":"155932582211427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate in Improving Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Multiple Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0279-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medical Department, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Rehabilitation Medical Research Center of Tianjin, Tianjin, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Medical Department, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Rehabilitation Medical Research Center of Tianjin, Tianjin, 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