{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T20:26:59Z","timestamp":1787603219630,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dose-Response"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Medicinal plants have been extensively exploited for their immense pharmacological and immune-supporting potential. Fruit of Citrullus colocynthis has several active secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and essential oils that are used in traditional medicines as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents. In this study, phytoconstituents in organic fractions ( n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) of the methanolic extract of C. colocynthis were analyzed and identified by FT-IR, HPLC, and GC-MS analysis. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant scavenging (76 \u00b1 .769%) and anti-inflammatory (40 \u00b1 .473%) activities at the concentration of 3\u00a0mg\/mL. Similarly, antidiabetic effect was measured by inhibition of \u03b1-amylase where, ethyl acetate fraction (77 \u00b1 .844%) exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity. Among all organic fractions, ethyl acetate exhibited strong antimicrobial potential followed by n-hexane and chloroform fractions against selected pathogenic bacteria. Various concentrations of the ethyl acetate extract were tested in-vivo for cytotoxicity and results indicated minor morphological changes in liver cells including ballooning, fatty droplets, and slight accumulation of extracellular matrix even at concentrations of 400\u00a0mg\/kg. In-silico study showed that stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol had a strong interaction with COX-1 and COX-2 to reduce inflammation. The abovementioned results indicate the pharmacological strengths of C. colocynthis to fight several diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258231187357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T02:05:23Z","timestamp":1688609123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pharmacological Activities and In-Silico Studies of Bioactive Compounds Identified in Organic Fractions of the Methanolic Extract of\n                    <i>Citrullus Colocynthis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5472-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haseeb Akram","family":"Sindhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2559-3450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izzah","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15593258231187357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Wyk B-E, Wink M. 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