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The nanoparticles were characterized for morphology, size, crystallinity and zeta potential. Their antioxidant activity, brine shrimp lethality, and hemolytic assays were performed to determine bioactivity and cyto-compatibility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FeO and ZnO NPs were spherical, monodispersed and polycrystalline with particle sizes of 28.8 nm and 30.4 nm, respectively. ZnO NPs showed stronger antioxidant activity (80.81% scavenging at 150 \u03bcg\/mL) and higher cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp assay (LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.98 \u03bcg\/mL), compared to FeO NPs and the crude extract. Minimal hemolytic activity, confirmed their favorable biocompatibility. Zeta potential values of -36 mV (FeO) and +33.6 mV (ZnO) indicate moderate colloidal stability. In vitro anticancer analysis revealed superior performance of ZnO NPs with IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values of 43.79 \u00b5g\/mL (HepG2) and 66.71 \u00b5g\/mL (HT-29).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fagonia Arabica-<\/jats:italic>\n                      derived ZnO NPs exhibit potent antioxidant, cytotoxic and anticancer activities, along with favorable biocompatibility. Their significant therapeutic performance highlights their role as effective plant-mediated antineoplastic agents and supports the value-added utilization of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">arabica<\/jats:italic>\n                      herbal waste.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15593258261428427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T18:47:21Z","timestamp":1781722041000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Plant-Mediated Fabrication of Iron and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Anticancer Efficacy Against HT-29 and HepG2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9412-6100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arif","family":"Nazir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Lahore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahat","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Lahore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazhar","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7393-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munawar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zero Emission Technologies Innovation Center"},{"name":"University of Tabuk"},{"name":"University of Tabuk"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahana","family":"Rahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavan and Monaghan General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0452-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abid","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Lahore"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bisha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abida","family":"Kausar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3160-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samiah H.","family":"Al-Mijalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sciences"},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.202405804"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002082"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2019.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05211-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","first-page":"4521951","article-title":"Phytochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial evaluation of the fruits of miswak plant, Salvadora persica L","volume":"2020","author":"Al Bratty M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al Bratty M, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, et al. 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