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Integrative treatment approaches that simultaneously address both PTSD and SUD are considered the most effective and include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. In recent years, complementary interventions have garnered increased attention due to their broad appeal and potential therapeutic benefits in enhancing existing treatments for PTSD and SUD. This review explores the existing literature on the use of nature-based activities, such as hiking, camping, sailing, and surfing in treating individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUD. Nature-based activities offer promising adjunctive benefits, including the reduction of PTSD symptoms and craving levels. While evidence supports the therapeutic value of nature-based activities, current research remains limited. Further research is needed to better understand their therapeutic role and to refine their implementation in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276241300475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T07:41:07Z","timestamp":1731656467000},"page":"626-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recovery Horizons: Nature-Based Activities as Adjunctive Treatments for Co-Occurring Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3516-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anaheed","family":"Shirazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA (AS, ALB, MS, AJL)"},{"name":"VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA (AS, AJL)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur L.","family":"Brody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA (AS, ALB, MS, AJL)"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA (ALB, MS)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Soltani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA (AS, ALB, MS, AJL)"},{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA (ALB, MS)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel J.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA (AS, ALB, MS, AJL)"},{"name":"VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA (AS, AJL)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00616.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10460-001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"12006","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and co-occurring substance use disorders: advances in assessment and treatment","volume":"19","author":"McCauley JL","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCauley JL, Killeen T, Gros DF, Brady KT, Back SE. 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