{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:47:14Z","timestamp":1790146034662,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Crisp Research Innovation and Scholarship Program, University of Michigan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The emergency department (ED) may present \u201cteachable moments\u201d for lifestyle medicine (LM) patient education about LM pillars, such as smoking, while they wait. Clinicians may assume that these patients are not motivated to change. This study evaluates readiness to change of ED patients concerning smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized nested data from the prospective pilot Lifewise prevention study, randomizing lower acuity patients to an evidence-based lifestyle behavior educational video. Patients completed a validated readiness to change (RTC) survey. This analysis used data from before randomization, including patients who did not receive video education. Ordinal logistic regression was used to compare smokers to non-smokers, irrespective of video exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 105 participants included 63 females and 42 males, with 31% being African American, 66% White, and 21% smokers. Individuals who reported smoking had higher odds of being ready to change their lifestyle behavior (OR 3.75,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .013), however, participants who smoke exhibited significantly lower confidence levels compared to non-smokers (OR: 0.37,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .043).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ED may provide a \u201cteachable moment\u201d and a ripe opportunity for preventive LM education, including tobacco use. The data contradict some practitioners\u2019 assumptions about these patients\u2019 motivation to change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276251351580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T10:45:21Z","timestamp":1751625921000},"page":"602-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reevaluating the Status Quo: Readiness to Change Lifestyle Behaviors Among Patients who Smoke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7645-7427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Innovation Scholarship Program (CRISP), University of Michigan - Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA Scholar (DA, DK)"},{"name":"MSU\/Trinity Health - Livonia Residency in Emergency Medicine, Livonia, MI, USA (DA, DK, AM, KC)"},{"name":"Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Critical Care Research &amp; Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Data Resource Analyst and Biostatistician, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MSH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8625-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Keyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Innovation Scholarship Program (CRISP), University of Michigan - Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA Scholar (DA, DK)"},{"name":"MSU\/Trinity Health - Livonia Residency in Emergency Medicine, Livonia, MI, USA (DA, DK, AM, KC)"},{"name":"Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Critical Care Research &amp; Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Data Resource Analyst and Biostatistician, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MSH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4649-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayed","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Innovation Scholarship Program (CRISP), University of Michigan - Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA Scholar (DA, DK)"},{"name":"MSU\/Trinity Health - Livonia Residency in Emergency Medicine, Livonia, MI, USA (DA, DK, AM, KC)"},{"name":"Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Critical Care Research &amp; Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Data Resource Analyst and Biostatistician, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MSH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Innovation Scholarship Program (CRISP), University of Michigan - Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA Scholar (DA, DK)"},{"name":"MSU\/Trinity Health - Livonia Residency in Emergency Medicine, Livonia, MI, USA (DA, DK, AM, KC)"},{"name":"Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Critical Care Research &amp; Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Data Resource Analyst and Biostatistician, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MSH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MD Sakibur","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Innovation Scholarship Program (CRISP), University of Michigan - Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA Scholar (DA, DK)"},{"name":"MSU\/Trinity Health - Livonia Residency in Emergency Medicine, Livonia, MI, USA (DA, DK, AM, KC)"},{"name":"Clinical Professor, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Critical Care Research &amp; Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA (DK)"},{"name":"Data Resource Analyst and Biostatistician, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MSH)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","volume-title":"Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States","year":"2023","unstructured":"Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/data_statistics\/fact_sheets\/adult_data\/cig_smoking\/index.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4527-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-12.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/215842"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","volume-title":"Emergency Severity Index, Version 4: Implementation Handbook","author":"Gilboy N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gilboy N, Tanabe P, Travers DA. Emergency Severity Index, Version 4: Implementation Handbook. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","unstructured":"American College of Lifestyle Medicine. 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