{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:22:26Z","timestamp":1790893346066,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with vitamin A deficiency have higher risk of morbidity and mortality than vitamin A\u2013sufficient children. Estimates on the potential child survival benefits of vitamin A deficiency control are needed for policy and program advocacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the current prevalence of children at risk for vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa in order to estimate the potential child-survival benefits of effective and sustained policies and programs for the control of vitamin A deficiency in this region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimates of the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency generated in 1998, data from 11 nationally representative vitamin A deficiency surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa between 1997 and 2003, and the measured effects of vitamin A deficiency on child mortality were combined to estimate the prevalence of children at risk for vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa and the potential child-survival benefits of effective and sustained policies and programs for the control of vitamin A deficiency in this region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis shows that in the absence of effective and sustained policies and programs for the control of vitamin A deficiency, an estimated 42.4% of children 0 to 59 months of age in sub-Saharan Africa (43.2 million children) are at risk for vitamin A deficiency. Such effective and sustained policy and program action for the control of vitamin A deficiency can bring about a potential 25% reduction in mortality in children 0 to 59 months with respect to 1995 mortality levels (i.e., before the onset of large-scale vitamin A supplementation programs in sub-Saharan Africa).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective and sustained control of vitamin A deficiency has the potential to be among the most cost-effective and high-impact child-survival interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. A stronger political commitment and a more appropriate level of investment in the effective control of vitamin A deficiency could make a large contribution toward the attainment of the Millennium Development Goal for the reduction of child mortality rates by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Among the many challenges that Africa will need to face in the coming years, vitamin A deficiency is one that can be overcome. The need is urgent, and the solutions are known, effective, and affordable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650502600404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T15:50:55Z","timestamp":1448466655000},"page":"348-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Vitamin A Deficiency and Child Survival in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Reappraisal of Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Aguayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn K.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195088243.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr2-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.5.1090"},{"key":"bibr3-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90677-3"},{"key":"bibr4-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91157-8"},{"key":"bibr5-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.5.1271"},{"key":"bibr6-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010043231401"},{"key":"bibr7-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92895-O"},{"key":"bibr8-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90070-6"},{"key":"bibr9-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6821.207"},{"key":"bibr10-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91879-Q"},{"key":"bibr11-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92357-L"},{"key":"bibr12-156482650502600404","volume-title":"Effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in the control of young child morbidity and mortality in developing countries","author":"Beaton GH","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr13-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500070078033"},{"key":"bibr14-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6874.366"},{"key":"bibr15-156482650502600404","volume-title":"Meta-analysis of published community trials: impact of vitamin A on mortality","author":"Tonascia JA","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr16-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6567.294"},{"key":"bibr17-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91677-Z"},{"key":"bibr18-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08293-2"},{"key":"bibr19-156482650502600404","volume-title":"Progress in controlling vitamin A deficiency","author":"Micronutrient Initiative, UNICEF, and Tulane University","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr20-156482650502600404","volume-title":"Derivation of the relative risk of child mortality due to vitamin A deficiency","author":"Ross JS","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr21-156482650502600404","volume-title":"The state of the world's children","author":"UNICEF","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr22-156482650502600404","first-page":"225","volume":"70","author":"Humphrey JH","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr23-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199902000-00009"},{"key":"bibr24-156482650502600404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650102200303"},{"key":"bibr25-156482650502600404","volume-title":"Semi-annual vitamin A supplementation. Time for action","author":"MOST Programme","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr26-156482650502600404","first-page":"80","volume":"81","author":"Ross JS","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr27-156482650502600404","volume-title":"Can food\u2013based strategies help reduce vitamin A and iron deficiencies? A review of recent evidence","author":"Ruel MT","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr28-156482650502600404","unstructured":"B\u00e9gin F. Food fortification: Moving forward in Africa. In: Micronutrient deficiency: the way forward. Proceedings of the technical update session held at the West African Health Organization Nutrition Forum in Conakry, Guinea, 2003."}],"container-title":["Food and Nutrition Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/156482650502600404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/156482650502600404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:14:06Z","timestamp":1777443246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/156482650502600404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/156482650502600404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/156482650502600404","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-5721","1564-8265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-5721","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-8265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}}}