{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:48:38Z","timestamp":1780044518730,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anemia in pregnancy remains a major problem in nearly all developing and many industrialized countries. In Mali, the subpopulation prevalence and etiology of anemia during pregnancy are largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the prevalence and likely etiologies of anemia in pregnancy in a poor urban population in Bamako, Mali.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pregnant women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 190) were selected randomly. Hemoglobin, serum iron, and total iron-binding capacity were measured; blood smears were examined for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      malaria; and single stool and urine samples were examined for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and hookworm. Gynecologic examinations were performed and interviews conducted to qualitatively assess food consumption and other socioeconomic characteristics. Associations among mild, moderate, and severe anemia; iron and parasite status; erythrocyte sedimentation rates; and the presence of abnormal vaginal discharge were evaluated. Differences in hemoglobin and serum iron concentrations, total iron-binding capacity, and anemia were compared according to trimester of pregnancy and between infected and noninfected women. The relative and attributable risks of anemia were calculated, and adjusted odds ratios for anemia and low serum iron were estimated by multivariate logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 131 women for whom complete data were available, 47% had hemoglobin concentrations below 110 g\/L; 13% had serum iron concentrations below 12 \u03bcmol\/L; none had transferrin saturation values below 16%; 11%, 23%, and 8% harbored\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and hookworm, respectively; and 82% had an abnormal vaginal discharge. Food restrictions were reported by 45% of the women. Abnormal vaginal discharge correlated significantly with anemia (Pearson \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 62.4;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01). Univariate and multivariate analyses found that infections were strongly associated with and predictive of anemia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggest that infections and food accessibility contribute to the high rates of anemia during pregnancy in Mali.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650602700101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T15:50:13Z","timestamp":1448466613000},"page":"3-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Determinants of Anemia among Pregnant Women in Mali"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mohamed Ag","family":"Ayoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerburg Maria","family":"Spiekermann-Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdel Kader","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca Joyce","family":"Stoltzfus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cutberto","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"The prevalence of anemia in women. 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