{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:53:40Z","timestamp":1777640020488,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reduction of maternal anemia is an agreed public health goal but one that has been\n            very difficult to achieve. On Pemba Island, Tanzania, more than 90% of pregnant women\n            are anemic, despite government efforts to identify and treat anemia during antenatal\n            clinic visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the potential of private pharmacies to be accessed for iron supplements\n            for maternal anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared and contrasted the care given at private pharmacies and public clinics in\n            terms of six characteristics: accuracy, affordability, availability, geographic\n            accessibility, accommodation, and acceptability. We used data from in-depth interviews,\n            surrogate customer encounters, governmental medicine record reviews, and participant\n            observation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The accuracy of health care workers' advice about the treatment of anemia at private\n            pharmacies and government clinics was similar. Supplements purchased at pharmacies were\n            sometimes cheaper than the free supplements from the government, when the costs of\n            transportation and time spent at the clinic were considered. Supplements at private\n            pharmacies were always available, whereas the supply at government clinics was erratic.\n            Private pharmacies were physically closer, socially less distant, and more accommodating\n            than government clinics. Both clinics and private pharmacies were socially acceptable to\n            pregnant women, although government clinics were typically not attended until later in\n            pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The private sector probably has untapped potential for the reduction of maternal anemia\n            in settings in which public health services fall short. Private pharmacies can\n            contribute to the reduction of maternal anemia on Pemba Island and beyond.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650903000102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T16:04:17Z","timestamp":1448467457000},"page":"16-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Potential Role of Private Pharmacies in Maternal Iron Supplementation in          Rural Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sera","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Said Mohammed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam Wilson","family":"Beckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Iron deficiency\n            anaemia: assessment, prevention and control: A guide for programme managers","author":"WHO","year":"2001","unstructured":"WHO. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention and control: A guide for programme managers. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"McLean E Cogswell M Egli I Wojdyla D de Benoist B. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System 1993\u20132005. Public Health Nutr 20081\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265030244S206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1301\/00296640260130731"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3148\/67.2.2006.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1280s"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90135-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.5.1093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.3.368"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Adherence to Prescribed Iron Pills in Pregnancy:\n            A Preliminary Study","volume":"4","author":"Callahan EJ","year":"1989","unstructured":"Callahan EJ, Pederson J, Granados JL. Adherence to Prescribed Iron Pills in Pregnancy: A Preliminary Study. The Journal of Compliance in Health Care 1989;4:135\u2013144.","journal-title":"The Journal of Compliance in Health Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/47.2.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"498","article-title":"Anaemia in pregnancy: Perceptions of patients in\n            Dar-es-Salaam","volume":"72","author":"Massawe S","year":"1995","unstructured":"Massawe S, Urassa E, Lindmark G, Nystrom L. Anaemia in pregnancy: Perceptions of patients in Dar-es-Salaam. East Afr Med J 1995;72:498\u2013503.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90176-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Operational problems of an iron supplementation\n            programme for pregnant women: An assessment of UNRWA experience","volume":"74","author":"Pappagallo S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pappagallo S, Bull DL. Operational problems of an iron supplementation programme for pregnant women: An assessment of UNRWA experience. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1996;74:25\u201333.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","volume-title":"Nutrition for health\n            and development: a global agenda for combating malnutrition. Progress Report\n            WHO\/NHD\/00.6","author":"WHO","year":"2000","unstructured":"WHO. Nutrition for health and development: a global agenda for combating malnutrition. Progress Report WHO\/NHD\/00.6. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.3.889"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265030244S203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(82)90264-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","volume-title":"Situation Analysis for Women and Children in Zanzibar","author":"Government of Zanzibar\/ UNICEF","year":"2001","unstructured":"Government of Zanzibar\/ UNICEF. Situation Analysis for Women and Children in Zanzibar. Zanzibar: Ministry of Finances and Economic Affairs & UNICEF, 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203437155"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Determination of anemia during pregnancy in Pemba\n            Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Division of Nutritional Sciences","author":"Khalfan S","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khalfan S. Determination of anemia during pregnancy in Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Division of Nutritional Sciences 2006;Master's of Professional Studies: 57."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for the use of iron supplements to prevent\n            and treat iron deficiency anemia","author":"Stoltzfus RJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stoltzfus RJ, Dreyfuss ML. Guidelines for the use of iron supplements to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. Washington DC: ILSI Press, 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","volume-title":"Zanzibar Health Sector Reforms Priority Areas Plan of Action","author":"Government of Zanzibar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Government of Zanzibar. Zanzibar Health Sector Reforms Priority Areas Plan of Action. Zanzibar: Ministry of Health, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","volume-title":"Quantifying the Impact of Primary Health Care on\n            Underfive Mortality: A historical and health demographic case study of\n          Zanzibar","author":"Garssen J","year":"1993","unstructured":"Garssen J. Quantifying the Impact of Primary Health Care on Underfive Mortality: A historical and health demographic case study of Zanzibar. Zanzibar: Unpublished report, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","volume-title":"Study on Maternal Mortality in Zanzibar","author":"Lees-Mlanga S","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lees-Mlanga S. Study on Maternal Mortality in Zanzibar. Zanzibar: United Nations Children Fund Zanzibar, 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2004.00002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"\u201cListen, Without blood there is no life\u201d: An\n            ethnography of anemia during pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Young SL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Young SL. \u201cListen, Without blood there is no life\u201d: An ethnography of anemia during pregnancy. Nutritional Anthropology 2003;26:10\u201319.","journal-title":"Nutritional Anthropology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198102000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","unstructured":"Young S. \u201cListen Without Blood There Is No Life\u201d: An ethnography of anemia during pregnancy. Medical Anthropology Unit 2002; MA: 126."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00294-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/3.2.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92438-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(89)90193-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","volume-title":"Mortality, Fertility and Contraceptive KAP in\n            Zanzibar","author":"Garssen J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Garssen J. Mortality, Fertility and Contraceptive KAP in Zanzibar. Zanzibar: Statistical Unit, Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, 1988."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-4-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07318-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90050-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90241-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68770-9"}],"container-title":["Food and Nutrition Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/156482650903000102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/156482650903000102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:15:37Z","timestamp":1777443337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/156482650903000102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/156482650903000102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/156482650903000102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-5721","1564-8265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-5721","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-8265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}