{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:54:12Z","timestamp":1777640052733,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Latin America, the burden of vitamin A and iron deficiencies has been documented primarily in preschool-age children. There are few recent reports on the vitamin A and iron status of school-age children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of vitamin A and iron deficiencies in Colombian schoolchildren.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined plasma retinol and ferritin concentrations in relation to socioeconomic and anthropometric factors in a representative sample of 2,811 low- and middle-income children 5 to 12 years of age in Bogot\u00e1, Colombia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence rates of deficiencies of vitamin A (plasma retinol &lt; 0.70 \u03bcmol\/L) and iron (plasma ferritin &lt; 15 \u03bcg\/L) were 14% and 3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, plasma retinol concentrations were positively associated with child's age and household's socioeconomic stratum, whereas ferritin concentrations were positively related to child's age, number of home assets, and having a nonsingle mother. Ferritin concentrations were much lower among girls than boys in the 11- and 12-year-old age group, whereas there were only small positive differences between girls and boys in younger children (p for interaction &lt; .0001) . Both vitamin A and iron deficiencies were independently associated with lower z-scores for body-mass-index-for-age, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and C-reactive protein concentrations. Neither vitamin A nor iron status was related to height-for-age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence rates of vitamin A and iron deficiencies among schoolchildren from Bogot\u00e1, Colombia, are not negligible. Both vitamin A and iron status are positively associated with socioeconomic status and anthropometric indices. The effect of improving vitamin A and iron status on physical growth and other functional outcomes needs to be further examined in this age group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650903000201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T16:03:16Z","timestamp":1448467396000},"page":"103-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Are Vitamin A and Iron Deficiencies Re-Emerging in Urban Latin America? A Survey of Schoolchildren in Bogota, Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Maslova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Mora-Plazas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yibby","family":"Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"L\u00f3pez-Arana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Baylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Villamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-156482650903000201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050342"},{"key":"bibr2-156482650903000201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195088243.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr3-156482650903000201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61235-5"},{"key":"bibr4-156482650903000201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265070284S409"},{"key":"bibr5-156482650903000201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49891998000900005"},{"key":"bibr6-156482650903000201","first-page":"19","volume":"27","author":"Mora JO","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl"},{"key":"bibr7-156482650903000201","unstructured":"Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar. Encuesta Nacional de la Situaci\u00f3n Nutricional en Colombia ENSIN 2005. Available at: http:\/\/nutrinet.org\/component\/option,com_remository\/Itemid,110\/func,startdown\/id,640\/lang,es\/."},{"key":"bibr8-156482650903000201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.12.2747"},{"key":"bibr9-156482650903000201","unstructured":"Alcald\u00eda Mayor de Bogot\u00e1, Secretar\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n. Estad\u00edsticas del sector educativo de Bogot\u00e1 2005 y avances 2006. Available at: http:\/\/www.sedbogota.edu.co\/AplicativosSED\/Centro_Documentacion\/anexos\/publicaciones_2004_2008\/estadisticas_05_avances_2006.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-156482650903000201","volume-title":"Anthropometric standardization reference manual","author":"Lohman T","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr11-156482650903000201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2845S"},{"key":"bibr12-156482650903000201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.6.1892"},{"key":"bibr13-156482650903000201","volume-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia. Assessment, prevention and control. 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