{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:29:19Z","timestamp":1780370959599,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2_suppl2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to a World Health Organization (WHO) review of nationally representative surveys from 1993 to 2005, 42% of pregnant women have anemia worldwide. Almost 90% of anemic women reside in Africa or Asia. Most countries have policies and programs for prenatal iron\u2013folic acid supplementation, but coverage remains low and little emphasis is placed on this intervention within efforts to strengthen antenatal care services. The evidence of the public health impact of iron\u2013folic acid supplementation and documentation of the potential for scaling up have not been reviewed recently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence regarding the impact on maternal mortality of iron\u2013folic acid supplementation and the evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention in supplementation trials and large-scale programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact on mortality is reviewed from observational studies that were analyzed for the Global Burden of Disease Analysis in 2004. Reviews of iron\u2013folic acid supplementation trials were analyzed by other researchers and are summarized. Data on anemia reduction from two large-scale national programs are presented, and factors responsible for high coverage with iron\u2013folic acid supplementation are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron-deficiency anemia underlies 115,000 maternal deaths per year. In Asia, anemia is the second highest cause of maternal mortality. Even mild and moderate anemia increase the risk of death in pregnant women. Iron\u2013folic acid supplementation of pregnant women increases hemoglobin by 1.17 g\/dL in developed countries and 1.13 g\/dL in developing countries. The prevalence of maternal anemia can be reduced by one-third to one-half over a decade if action is taken to launch focused, large-scale programs that are based on lessons learned from countries with successful programs, such as Thailand and Nicaragua.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron\u2013folic acid supplementation is an under-resourced, affordable intervention with substantial potential for contributing to Millennium Development Goal 5 (maternal mortality reduction) in countries where iron intakes among pregnant women are low and anemia prevalence is high. This can be achieved in the near term, as policies are already in place in most countries and iron\u2013folic acid supplements are already in lists of essential drugs. What is needed is to systematically adopt lessons about how to strengthen demand and supply systems from successful programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100312s202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T15:56:56Z","timestamp":1448467016000},"page":"S100-S107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Maternal Iron\u2013Folic Acid Supplementation Programs: Evidence of Impact and Implementation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Tina G.","family":"Sanghvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip W. J.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-15648265100312S202","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Micronutrient deficiencies. Iron deficiency anaemia. 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/nutrition\/topics\/ida. Accessed 30 March 2010."},{"key":"bibr2-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002401"},{"key":"bibr3-15648265100312S202","volume-title":"Standards of maternal and neonatal care. Making pregnancy safer initiative","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr4-15648265100312S202","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Global and regional burden of diseases attributable to selected major risk factors","author":"Stoltzfus RJ","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr5-15648265100312S202","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Vitamin and mineral nutrition information system (VMNIS). 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/vmnis\/anaemia\/data\/database\/countries\/en."},{"key":"bibr6-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.604S"},{"key":"bibr7-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11403-6"},{"key":"bibr8-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(98)00163-5"},{"key":"bibr9-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.2.288"},{"key":"bibr10-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.4.862S"},{"key":"bibr11-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"bibr12-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9"},{"key":"bibr13-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1991.10718119"},{"key":"bibr14-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2005.dec.S126-S133"},{"key":"bibr15-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.4.859S"},{"key":"bibr16-15648265100312S202","volume-title":"Dietary supplement fact sheet","author":"US Department of Agriculture","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr17-15648265100312S202","volume-title":"Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium and zinc","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr18-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.4.773"},{"key":"bibr19-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00225-4"},{"key":"bibr20-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650502600403"},{"key":"bibr21-15648265100312S202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69381-1"},{"key":"bibr22-15648265100312S202","unstructured":"WHO. Global Burden of Disease Analysis. 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/global_burden_disease\/en\/. Accessed 15 April 2010."},{"key":"bibr23-15648265100312S202","unstructured":"WHO. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. 2009:28\u201331. Geneva."}],"container-title":["Food and Nutrition Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15648265100312S202","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15648265100312S202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:16:10Z","timestamp":1777443370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15648265100312S202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2_suppl2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15648265100312S202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15648265100312s202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-5721","1564-8265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-5721","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-8265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}}}