{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:14:44Z","timestamp":1787019284057,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Households affected by HIV\/AIDS are at an increased risk for food insecurity and malnutrition. Poor nutrition contributes to more than a third of all deaths associated with infectious diseases among children under 5 years of age in developing countries. With increased household food insecurity, and a greater disease burden associated with HIV\/AIDS, the growth of children under five could be impacted, resulting in increased malnutrition for this vulnerable group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether there is an association between the type of household (HIV-affected compared with HIV-unaffected) and the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age residing in these households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was set in a Millennium Village Project site in western Kenya and used a cross-sectional design to compare the stunting, wasting, and under-weight status among 102 and 99 under-five children living in HIV-affected and -unaffected households, respectively. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-age z-scores were calculated based on the World Health Organization growth standards and compared. Proportions, means, and standard deviations were used to describe the data. The data were analyzed with the use of the chi-square test for comparison of proportions and the independent t-test for comparison of means.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children in HIV-affected households had a significantly higher degree of stunting (height-for-age &lt; \u22122 SD) than children in unaffected households (25.5% vs. 9.1%, p = .002). The degree of wasting and under-weight did not differ significantly between HIV-affected and -unaffected households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residing in HIV-affected households is associated with stunting in children under 5 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651103200208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T15:45:50Z","timestamp":1448466350000},"page":"159-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in HIV-Affected Households in Western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Murugi","family":"Ndirangu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James O.","family":"Wariero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia Ehrlich","family":"Sachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peninah","family":"Masibo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Deckelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-156482651103200208","volume-title":"Executive summary of a scientific review. Consultation on Nutrition and HIV\/AIDS in Africa: evidence, lessons and recommendations for action","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr2-156482651103200208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966510800606X"},{"key":"bibr3-156482651103200208","volume-title":"Understanding the needs of orphans and other children affected by HIV and AIDS in Africa: state of the science","author":"US Agency for International Development\/Academy for Educational Development","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr4-156482651103200208","volume-title":"Poverty and hunger issues and options for food security in developing countries","author":"Allen G","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr5-156482651103200208","volume-title":"Trade reforms and food security: conceptualizing the linkages","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr6-156482651103200208","unstructured":"USAID policy determination. Definition of food security. 1992. Available at: http:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/policy\/ads\/200\/pd19.pdf. Accessed 27 February 2011."},{"key":"bibr7-156482651103200208","volume-title":"Building household food security measurement tools from the ground up","author":"Frongillo EA","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr8-156482651103200208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"bibr9-156482651103200208","volume-title":"Potential uses of food aid to support HIV\/AIDS mitigation activities in sub-Saharan Africa project","author":"Food and nutrition technical assistance (FANTA)","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr10-156482651103200208","volume-title":"The evidence base for programming for children affected by HIV\/AIDS in low prevalence and concentrated epidemic countries","author":"USAID Health Care Improvement Project\/UNICEF Quality Assurance Project","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr11-156482651103200208","first-page":"210","volume":"83","author":"Nandy S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr12-156482651103200208","volume-title":"Annual Report for Sauri, Kenya Millennium Research Village July 2005\u2013June 2006","author":"Mutuo P","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr13-156482651103200208","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. 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UN Report to the Secretary-General","author":"United Nations Millennium Project Task Force on Hunger","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr16-156482651103200208","volume-title":"The Millennium Villages Project Annual Report","author":"The Earth Institute","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr17-156482651103200208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(93)90349-9"},{"key":"bibr18-156482651103200208","volume-title":"The social and economic impact of HIV\/AIDS on families with adolescents and children in Cambodia","author":"Alkenbrack S","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr19-156482651103200208","first-page":"1","volume-title":"AIDS, public policy and child well-being","author":"Cornia GA","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr20-156482651103200208","first-page":"67","volume-title":"AIDS, public policy and child well-being. 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