{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T18:24:04Z","timestamp":1785867844982,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron deficiency is a major cause of anemia and the most prevalent nutrient deficiency among pregnant women in developing countries. The use of iron and folic acid supplements to treat and prevent iron-deficiency anemia has limited effectiveness, mainly due to poor adherence. Home fortification with a micronutrient powder for pregnant women may be an effective and acceptable alternative to traditional drug models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To d etermine whether home fortification with micronutrient powders is at least as efficacious as iron and folic acid tablets for improving hemoglobin concentration in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cluster-randomized noninferiority trial was conducted in the rural subdistrict of Kaliganj in central Bangladesh. Pregnant women (gestational age 14\u201322 weeks, n = 478), were recruited from 42 community-based Antenatal Care Centres. Each centre was randomly allocated to receive either a micronutrient powder (containing iron, folic acid, vitamin C, and zinc) or iron and folic acid tablets. Changes in hemoglobin from baseline were compared across groups using a linear mixed-effects regression model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At enrolment, the overall prevalence of anemia was 45% ( n = 213\/478). After the intervention period, the mean hemoglobin concentrations among women receiving the micronutrient powder were not inferior to those among women receiving tablets (109.5 \u00b1 12.9 vs 112.0 \u00b1 11.2 g\/L; 95% CI, \u22120.757 to 5.716). Adherence to the micronutrient powder was lower than adherence to tablets (57.5 \u00b1 22.5% vs 76.0 \u00b1 13.7%; 95% CI, \u221222.39 to \u221212.94); however, in both groups, increased adherence was positively correlated with hemoglobin concentration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The micronutrient powder was at least as efficacious as the iron and folic acid tablets in controlling moderate to severe anemia during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651203300208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T15:58:44Z","timestamp":1448467124000},"page":"142-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Relative Efficacy of Micronutrient Powders versus Iron\u2014Folic Acid Tablets in Controlling Anemia in Women in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Nuzhat","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Aimone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M. Ziauddin","family":"Hyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley H.","family":"Zlotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-156482651203300208","unstructured":"WHO. World Health Organization Global Database on Anaemia: Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993\u20132005 2008."},{"key":"bibr2-156482651203300208","unstructured":"WHO. Iron Deficiency Anemia Assessment, Prevention and Control: a guide for program managers, 2001."},{"key":"bibr3-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91269-9"},{"key":"bibr4-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.985"},{"key":"bibr5-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90502-9"},{"key":"bibr6-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2004645"},{"key":"bibr7-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1288s"},{"key":"bibr8-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90135-X"},{"key":"bibr9-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/8.2.87"},{"key":"bibr10-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2006841"},{"key":"bibr11-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.6.791"},{"key":"bibr12-156482651203300208","first-page":"108","volume":"81","author":"Zlotkin S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr13-156482651203300208","volume-title":"Anaemia and iron deficiency in women: impact of iron supplementation during pregnancy in rural Bangladesh","author":"Hyder SMZ","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr14-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/47.3.413"},{"key":"bibr15-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265030244S109"},{"key":"bibr16-156482651203300208","first-page":"280","volume":"29","author":"Gai MY","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"bibr17-156482651203300208","unstructured":"UNICEF\/BBS. Report on Anaemia Prevalence Survey of Urban and Rural Chittagong Hill Tracts 2003 UNICEF and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2004."},{"key":"bibr18-156482651203300208","volume-title":"The burden of anemia in rural Bangladesh: the need for urgent action","author":"HKI\/IPHN","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr19-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-33"},{"key":"bibr20-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041018"},{"key":"bibr21-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.83.3.632"},{"key":"bibr22-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1995.tb05480.x"},{"key":"bibr23-156482651203300208","volume-title":"The prevalence of anemia in women: a tabulation of available information","author":"WHO","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr24-156482651203300208","volume-title":"The world health report 1997: conquering suffering, enriching humanity","author":"WHO","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr25-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265090304S406"},{"key":"bibr26-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28350"},{"key":"bibr27-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.6.1194"},{"key":"bibr28-156482651203300208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.113498"},{"key":"bibr29-156482651203300208","volume-title":"Guideline: use of multiple micronutrient powders for home fortification of foods consumed by pregnant women","author":"WHO","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Food and Nutrition Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/156482651203300208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/156482651203300208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:16:37Z","timestamp":1777443397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/156482651203300208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/156482651203300208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/156482651203300208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0379-5721","1564-8265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0379-5721","type":"print"},{"value":"1564-8265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}