{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:02:01Z","timestamp":1777640521664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Nutr Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poverty alleviation programs for the extreme poor improve participants' economic status and may impact other important outcomes that are seldom evaluated. A program targeted to the extreme poor by BRAC, a development organization in Bangladesh, has been successful in significantly alleviating extreme poverty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesized that the program also improved the nutritional status of women and preschool children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nonequivalent control, pre- and posttest quasi-experimental design that was longitudinal at the village level was used to test the hypotheses. Data were collected from a random sample of 4,131 children and 3,551 women from 3,409 households in 159 villages of 3 northern districts of Bangladesh in 2002 and 2006. Linear mixed random-intercept models accounted for clustering effects and potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The weight-for-height of children between 24 and 35 months of age from program households was significantly higher ( p &lt; .05) than that of children from control households. We found no significant differences between control and program households in three other growth and body-composition indicators in three other age categories of preschool children or in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results are important, as this is a large-scale program that has already been extended to more than half the country. The findings will contribute to judging the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of the program and in garnering support for the expansion of such programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T15:54:13Z","timestamp":1448466853000},"page":"402-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of Poverty Reduction Program on Nutritional Status of the Extreme Poor in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Chowdhury S. B.","family":"Jalal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Frongillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-156482651303400405","first-page":"1","volume":"450","author":"de Onis M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"key":"bibr2-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"bibr3-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/7f132111-en"},{"key":"bibr4-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497"},{"key":"bibr5-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.2.341"},{"key":"bibr6-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl306"},{"key":"bibr7-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Physical status: use and interpretation of anthropometry","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr8-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60032-4"},{"key":"bibr9-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61692-4"},{"key":"bibr10-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/5c9fcb62-en"},{"key":"bibr11-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Stories of targeting: process documentation of selecting the ultra poor for CFPR\/TUP programme. CFPR\/TUP Working Paper Series 1","author":"BRAC, Research and Evaluation Division","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr12-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Combining methodologies for better targeting of the extreme poor: lessons from BRAC's CFPR\/TUP Programme. CFPR\/TUP Working Paper Series 2","author":"Matin I","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr13-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Targeting effectiveness of CFPR\/TUP in scale-up environment. CFPR\/TUP Working Paper Series 8","author":"Sulaiman M","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr14-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Integration of the ultra poor into mainstream development: how effective is CFPR? CFPR\/TUP Working Paper Series 21","author":"Shams R","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr15-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Customized development interventions for the ultra poor: preliminary change assessments of health and health-seeking behavior (CFPR\/TUP 2002 to 2004). 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CFPR\/TUP Working Paper Series 12","author":"Rabbani M","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr18-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Towards a profile of ultra poor in Bangladesh: findings from the CFPR\/TUP baseline survey","author":"BRAC, Research and Evaluation Division","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr19-156482651303400405","volume-title":"WHO child growth standards: length\/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: methods and development","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr20-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Impact evaluation in practice","author":"Gertler PJ","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr21-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5826.566"},{"key":"bibr22-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.8.1356"},{"key":"bibr23-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.5.1409S"},{"key":"bibr24-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-7198-8_12"},{"key":"bibr25-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651103200302"},{"key":"bibr26-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/35.4.745"},{"key":"bibr27-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.1.74"},{"key":"bibr28-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.2.529S"},{"key":"bibr29-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.1.5"},{"key":"bibr30-156482651303400405","first-page":"S15","volume":"48","author":"Falkner F","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bibr31-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-225-2:57"},{"key":"bibr32-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2012.01308.x"},{"key":"bibr33-156482651303400405","first-page":"S58","volume":"16","author":"Haseen F","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"bibr34-156482651303400405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46830-1_54"},{"key":"bibr35-156482651303400405","volume-title":"Taking doctors where the ultra poor are: assessment of the panel doctor scheme of CFPR\/TUP programme. 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