{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:07:25Z","timestamp":1780409245357,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interv Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this article is to analyze the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies that present with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review was performed that analyzed 65 cases of AVM during pregnancy previously reported in English literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-five cases of pregnancy-associated AVM were identified. The patients\u2019 ages ranged from 16 to 45 years, with a mean of 28\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9 years. Sixteen cases (24.6%) were pre-existing AVMs. There were 54 cases (83.1%) of AVM ruptured during pregnancy and postpartum: Six cases (11.1%) were in the first trimester, 24 (44.4%) were in the second, 22 (40.7%) were in the third trimester and two (3.7%) were postpartum. Unfavorable maternal clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)\u2009\u2265\u20092) was identified in 20 cases (30.8%) and abortion occurred in 10 cases (15.4%). There were three maternal deaths, yielding a case mortality rate of 4.6%. Fifty-three fetuses were born via cesarean section in 42 cases and vaginal delivery in 10 cases; 48 were in good health, three were temporarily intubated, one was macrosomic and one died. In univariate analysis, AVM hemorrhage presentation was significantly associated with a poor maternal outcome (mRS\u2009\u2265\u20092) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030); however, not significantly associated with fetus risk (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.864). Gestational age was not significantly associated with poor maternal outcome (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.875) or fetal risk (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.790).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AVM hemorrhage presentation was significantly associated with poor maternal outcome. Pre-existing ruptured AVM may not be associated with fetal risk. Gestational age of AVM rupture was not significantly associated with poor maternal outcome or fetal risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019915622161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T20:08:07Z","timestamp":1450296487000},"page":"206-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pre-existing, incidental and hemorrhagic AVMs in pregnancy and postpartum: Gestational age, morbidity and mortality, management and risk to the fetus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xianli","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/159101991001600203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199012000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70551-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000100655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.1.0063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy and labor\u2014case review and management","volume":"16","author":"Elias M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Elias M, Abouleish E, Bhandari A. 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