{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:49:30Z","timestamp":1777729770370,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interv Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fractal dimension is an objective metric for the notion of structural complexity. We sought to investigate differences in structural complexity between healthy and affected territories of cerebral vasculature in moyamoya, as well as associated scalp vasculature and native transdural collaterals in patients with moyamoya by comparing their respective fractal dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our cohort consisted of 15 transdural collaterals from 12 patients with unilateral anterior circulation moyamoya. Frames of distal arterial vasculature from internal and external carotid angiograms were selected then automatically segmented and also manually annotated by a cerebrovascular surgeon. In the affected hemisphere, the region with transdural collateral supply was compared to the contralateral region. The resulting skeletonized angiograms were analyzed for their fractal dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found the average fractal dimension (Df) of the moyamoya-side ICA was 1.82 with slightly different means for the anteroposterial (AP) and lateral views (mean\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091.82; mean\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091.81). The overall mean for healthy cerebral vasculature was also found to be 1.82 (AP: mean\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091.83; lateral: mean\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091.81). Mean Df of native transdural collaterals was found to be 1.82 (AP: mean\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091.83; lateral: mean\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20091.81). The mean Df difference between autosegmented and manually segmented images was 0.013.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In accordance with the clinical understanding of moyamoya disease, the distal arterial structural complexity is not affected in moyamoya, and is maintained by transdural collaterals formed by vasculogenesis. Autosegmentation of cerebral vasculature is also shown to be accurate when compared to manual segmentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199231152513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:15:20Z","timestamp":1674778520000},"page":"101-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fractal analysis of healthy and diseased vasculature in pediatric Moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2567-6317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred P.","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102682"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5420.1677"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2015.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81421-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.4.1741055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700027926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Cheung CY Ong S Ikram MK et al. Retinal vascular fractal dimension is associated with cognitive dysfunction. (1532-8511 (Electronic))."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Ooi YA-O Laiwalla AA-O Liou RA-O et al. Angiographic structural differentiation between native arteriogenesis and therapeutic synangiosis in intracranial arterial steno-occlusive disease. (1936-959X (Electronic))."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.PEDS16161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Zhao M Zhang D Wang S et al. The collateral circulation in moyamoya disease: a single-center experience in 140 pediatric patients. (1873-5150 (Electronic))."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Gavrovska A Zaji\u0107 G Reljin I et al. Classification of prolapsed mitral valve versus healthy heart from phonocardiograms by multifractal analysis. (1748-6718 (Electronic))."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519414500559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-019-00836-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"1762","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based 3D angiography for visualization of complex cerebrovascular pathologies","volume":"42","author":"Lang S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lang S, Hoelter P, Schmidt M, et al. Artificial intelligence-based 3D angiography for visualization of complex cerebrovascular pathologies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42: 1762\u20131768.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.13.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-021-00940-2"}],"container-title":["Interventional Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15910199231152513","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15910199231152513","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15910199231152513","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:56:22Z","timestamp":1777460182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15910199231152513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15910199231152513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15910199231152513","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-0199","2385-2011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-0199","type":"print"},{"value":"2385-2011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]}}}