{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T20:20:19Z","timestamp":1784578819112,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interv Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The common femoral artery and radial artery constitute the most common access sites in contemporaneous endovascular neurosurgery. Oftentimes, it may be impossible to reach the vascular target safely due to different circumstances, necessitating alternative approaches. We aim to review these \u201clast resource\u201d access sites described in the literature, focusing on the technical aspects as a convenient reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed capturing articles from 1958 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified nine alternative approaches for endovascular access, after excluding direct carotid stick: superficial temporal artery access in 60 patients, calvarial foramina access in five patients, occipital artery access in seven patients, middle meningeal artery access in six patients, vertebral artery access in 23 patients and external carotid artery, internal maxillary artery, facial artery or lingual artery in 40 patients. Indications for the use of alternative access points included tortuous or occluded vessels, small vessel calibers, or anatomic variation. Pathologies treated included dural arteriovenous fistulas, arteriovenous malformations, intracranial aneurysms, acute stroke, and intracranial stenosis. Diagnostic brain angiograms were also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alternative vascular access routes expand the proceduralists' toolkit, enhancing the capability to manage complex cerebrovascular interventions. This review advocates for a broader understanding and consideration of these techniques, given their potential to significantly increase treatment options in neuroendovascular surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199241282352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T14:56:06Z","timestamp":1726584966000},"page":"268-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Alternative hybrid access in endovascular neurosurgery: Scoping review and technical considerations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Matias","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5326-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Vivanco-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3650-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preston","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Nunna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabino","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Pavia"},{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6678-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Casanova-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Valparaiso School of Medicine"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroaatomia Microquirurgica (LaNeMic), Facultad de Medicina, Unversidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshal","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Neuroscience Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.3413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.14851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2019.1617403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.22282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2021-018092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.2.0199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2020-016351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1583\/10-3065.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/6670.2006.00036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000088739.89056.04"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Percutaneous puncture of the external carotid artery or its branches after surgical ligation","volume":"15","author":"Gobin YP","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gobin YP, Pasco A, Merland JJ, et al. 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