{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:03:36Z","timestamp":1791475416506,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interv Neuroradiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) affects \u223c 10% of the population and can be debilitating. Venous etiologies of PT are increasingly recognized. Identifying the symptomatic vessel, particularly with multiple venous anomalies, remains challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this case series, we utilized venous balloon occlusion testing (vBOT) as a real-time diagnostic tool to identify symptomatic vessels in non-sinus stenosis venous PT. vBOT involved using a transform balloon (7\u2005mm\u2009\u00d7\u20097\u2005mm) under fluoroscopic guidance to occlude the venous anomaly, with immediate assessment of symptom resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report four cases involving high-riding jugular bulbs, jugular bulb diverticula, and enlarged emissary veins. vBOT successfully identified the culprit vessels, guiding targeted endovascular coil embolization. These procedures led to significant symptom resolution in all cases, though the varied patient responses underscored the importance of a tailored, iterative approach, particularly in those with bilateral symptoms or multiple venous variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This series illustrates the utility of vBOT in accurately identifying symptomatic vessels in non-sinus stenosis venous PT, enabling effective, targeted interventions. While vBOT is a valuable diagnostic tool, its limitations, including potential false negatives due to PT variability or ambient noise, must be considered. Incorporating vBOT into the diagnostic framework for PT can enhance precision in vessel selection and improve patient outcomes, particularly in cases with uncommon venous etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199251323011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T04:15:47Z","timestamp":1740716147000},"page":"274-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Balloon occlusion testing for non-sinus-stenosis venous pulsatile tinnitus: A technical case series"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4987-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron Daniel","family":"Brake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivani","family":"Lingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince","family":"Galate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas, KS, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019920926333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.1700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"159101992311687","article-title":"More than just noise: association of pulsatile tinnitus with anxiety, depression, and reduction of quality of life","volume":"0","author":"Amans M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amans M, Mattay R, Hills NK, et al. More than just noise: association of pulsatile tinnitus with anxiety, depression, and reduction of quality of life. Interv Neuroradiol 2023; 0(0): 15910199231168751.","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12500"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021202584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","article-title":"Novel approach to venous stenting: tigertriever temporary stenting for the evaluation of pulsatile tinnitus","volume":"4","author":"Al-Kawaz MN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Kawaz MN, Epstein K, Mocco J. Novel approach to venous stenting: tigertriever temporary stenting for the evaluation of pulsatile tinnitus. Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol 2024; 4: e001009.","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019920974185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-018-1456-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-011609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Klein BM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Klein BM, Bordoni B. Anatomy, head and neck, emissary veins. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","article-title":"Abstract 095: pulsatile tinnitus from an enlarged mastoid emissary vein: successful management with endovascular embolization","volume":"3","author":"Clark DC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clark DC, Reyes CZ, Nasser HH. Abstract 095: pulsatile tinnitus from an enlarged mastoid emissary vein: successful management with endovascular embolization. Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol 2023; 3: e12823_095.","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"159101992311781","article-title":"Venous balloon test occlusion for pulsatile tinnitus assessment: a clinical feasibility study","author":"Charbonnier G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Charbonnier G, Cancelliere NM, Rustici A, et al. Venous balloon test occlusion for pulsatile tinnitus assessment: a clinical feasibility study. Interv Neuroradiol 2023: 15910199231178160.","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2023-020440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","article-title":"Emergence of venous stenosis as the dominant cause of pulsatile tinnitus","volume":"2","author":"Raz E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raz E, Nossek E, Jethanamest D, et al. Emergence of venous stenosis as the dominant cause of pulsatile tinnitus. Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol 2022; 2: e000154.","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Interv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2020-015855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2021-018015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813520291"}],"container-title":["Interventional Neuroradiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15910199251323011","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/15910199251323011","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/15910199251323011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:56:39Z","timestamp":1777460199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/15910199251323011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/15910199251323011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15910199251323011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-0199","2385-2011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-0199","type":"print"},{"value":"2385-2011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]}}}