{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:02:00Z","timestamp":1791525720350,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interv Neuroradiol"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid venous fistulas (CSFVF) can lead to spontaneous intracranial hypotension, causing debilitating symptoms in patients. The transvenous embolization technique has been developed to occlude leakage sites via an endovascular approach. However, the spinal venous anatomy remains relatively unfamiliar to many neurointerventionalists. This technical video presents a swine model designed to train physicians in navigating the spinal venous system, performing embolization injections, observing their spread, and testing new embolization systems for treating CSFVF. Although there are slight anatomical differences, the spinal venous system in swine closely resembles that of humans, including its navigability and employing liquid embolic agents. We successfully embolized multilevel spinal vasculature that can potentially drain into a fistula formation, without any complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199251349656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:30:17Z","timestamp":1750224617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Simulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-venous fistula embolization in a swine model: A technical video"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8245-2689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esref Alperen","family":"Bayraktar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (NEURI Vascular Center), Bicetre University-Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4495-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Ognard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Univ Brest, LATIM, INSERM UMR1101, CHU Brest, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard","family":"El Hajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6243-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cem","family":"Bilgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6786-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramanathan","family":"Kadirvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8495-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David F.","family":"Kallmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Brinjikji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2021-018466"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2022-019946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-023-02264-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Comparative anatomy and physiology of the pig","volume":"25","author":"Swindle M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Swindle M, Smith AC. Comparative anatomy and physiology of the pig. 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